See σκληρός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "malakós",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “hard”",
"word": "μαλακός"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sklḗrōsis",
"sense": "σκληρόω (sklēróō)",
"word": "σκλήρωσις"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σκληρός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: σκληρός (sklirós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: σκληρός (sklirós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
"t": "to parch, wither"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ρός"
},
"expansion": "-ρός (-rós)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”) + -ρός (-rós). See also σκέλλω (skéllō, “to dry up, parch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sklērós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρά",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First and second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρός",
"roman": "sklērós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροί",
"roman": "sklēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραί",
"roman": "sklēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῦ",
"roman": "sklēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾶς",
"roman": "sklērâs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῦ",
"roman": "sklēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖν",
"roman": "sklēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῷ",
"roman": "sklērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾷ",
"roman": "sklērâi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῷ",
"roman": "sklērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖν",
"roman": "sklēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖς",
"roman": "sklēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖς",
"roman": "sklēraîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖς",
"roman": "sklēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́ν",
"roman": "sklērā́n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρούς",
"roman": "sklēroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́ς",
"roman": "sklērā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρέ",
"roman": "sklēré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροί",
"roman": "sklēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραί",
"roman": "sklēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶς",
"roman": "sklērôs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρότερος",
"roman": "sklēróteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρότᾰτος",
"roman": "sklērótătos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σκληρά",
"2": "σκληρόν"
},
"expansion": "σκληρός • (sklērós) m (feminine σκληρά, neuter σκληρόν); first/second declension",
"name": "grc-adj-1&2"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σκληρός",
"2": "ά"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"id": "en-σκληρός-grc-adj-7VRluSIN",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-σκληρός-grc-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sklɛː.rós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sklɛː.rós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/skle̝ˈros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "σκληρός"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "malakós",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “hard”",
"word": "μαλακός"
}
],
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek adjectives",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kelh₁-",
"Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ρός",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sklḗrōsis",
"sense": "σκληρόω (sklēróō)",
"word": "σκλήρωσις"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σκληρός"
},
"expansion": "Greek: σκληρός (sklirós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: σκληρός (sklirós)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kelh₁-",
"t": "to parch, wither"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ρός"
},
"expansion": "-ρός (-rós)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to parch, wither”) + -ρός (-rós). See also σκέλλω (skéllō, “to dry up, parch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sklērós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρά",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-adecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First and second declension",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρός",
"roman": "sklērós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροί",
"roman": "sklēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραί",
"roman": "sklēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῦ",
"roman": "sklēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾶς",
"roman": "sklērâs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῦ",
"roman": "sklēroû",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖν",
"roman": "sklēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶν",
"roman": "sklērôn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῷ",
"roman": "sklērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾷ",
"roman": "sklērâi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῷ",
"roman": "sklērôi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖν",
"roman": "sklēraîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖν",
"roman": "sklēroîn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖς",
"roman": "sklēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραῖς",
"roman": "sklēraîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροῖς",
"roman": "sklēroîs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́ν",
"roman": "sklērā́n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρούς",
"roman": "sklēroús",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́ς",
"roman": "sklērā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρέ",
"roman": "sklēré",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρόν",
"roman": "sklērón",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾱ́",
"roman": "sklērā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρώ",
"roman": "sklērṓ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"neuter",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληροί",
"roman": "sklēroí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληραί",
"roman": "sklēraí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρᾰ́",
"roman": "sklērắ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρῶς",
"roman": "sklērôs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρότερος",
"roman": "sklēróteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "σκληρότᾰτος",
"roman": "sklērótătos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σκληρά",
"2": "σκληρόν"
},
"expansion": "σκληρός • (sklērós) m (feminine σκληρά, neuter σκληρόν); first/second declension",
"name": "grc-adj-1&2"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "σκληρός",
"2": "ά"
},
"name": "grc-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sklɛː.rós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sklɛː.rós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/skle̝ˈros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/skliˈros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "σκληρός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for σκληρός meaning in Ancient Greek (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: σκληρός/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'c', 'e', 'o', 'i', 'l', 'n', 'd', 'A', 's', '-', '2', 't'}",
"path": [
"σκληρός"
],
"section": "Ancient Greek",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "σκληρός",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.