"μάχαιρα" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc-koi",
            "2": "μαχαίριον",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "diminutive"
          },
          "expansion": "(diminutive)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion) (diminutive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "μαχαίρι",
            "3": "μαχαίρα",
            "gloss2": "large knife"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "μάχαιρα",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "machaera",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: machaera",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: machaera"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Machairodus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Machairodus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: †Machairodus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "מכרה",
        "t": "sword",
        "tr": "mᵉkērā"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Controversial:\n* Traditionally linked to μάχομαι (mákhomai, “to fight”); compare μάχη (mákhē, “a battle, a strife”). Though formally without issues, Chantraine finds this implausible.\n* Others consider the word to be from a foreign or substrate source, though exact comparanda are disputed. Lewy considers the word as a Semitic borrowing; compare Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”). However, Gordon considers the Hebrew to be borrowed from Greek, rather than the other way around.\n* Beekes prefers to link the word to μάγειρος (mágeiros, “cook”), taking the γ/χ interchange as evidence of Pre-Greek origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mákhaira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μᾰχαίρας",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ μάχαιρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē mákhaira",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ μάχαιραι",
      "roman": "hai mákhairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς μαχαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês makhaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν μαχαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn makhaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν μαχαιρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn makhairôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ μαχαίρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi makhaírāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν μαχαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn makhaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς μαχαίραις",
      "roman": "taîs makhaírais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν μάχαιρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn mákhairan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς μαχαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s makhaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μάχαιρᾰ",
      "roman": "mákhaira",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μάχαιραι",
      "roman": "mákhairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "μᾰχαίρας",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "μάχαιρα • (mákhaira) f (genitive μᾰχαίρας); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "μάχαιρᾰ",
        "2": "ᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Swords",
          "orig": "grc:Swords",
          "parents": [
            "Weapons",
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 9 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "drepanomákhaira",
          "word": "δρεπανομάχαιρα"
        },
        {
          "roman": "engastrimákhaira",
          "word": "ἐγγαστριμάχαιρα"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairâs",
          "word": "μαχαιρᾶς"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairodétēs",
          "word": "μαχαιροδέτης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairothḗkē",
          "word": "μαχαιροθήκη"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairopoiós",
          "word": "μαχαιροποιός"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairopṓlion",
          "word": "μαχαιροπώλιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairourgós",
          "word": "μαχαιρουργός"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairophóros",
          "word": "μαχαιροφόρος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "makhairóphullon",
          "word": "μαχαιρόφυλλον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xiphomákhaira",
          "word": "ξιφομάχαιρα"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger"
      ],
      "id": "en-μάχαιρα-grc-noun-KfR0PkWM",
      "links": [
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ],
        [
          "short sword",
          "short sword"
        ],
        [
          "dirk",
          "dirk"
        ],
        [
          "dagger",
          "dagger"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/má.kʰai̯.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çɛ.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/má.kʰai̯.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.kʰɛ.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çɛ.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "μάχαιρα"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "el:Weapons"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "drepanomákhaira",
      "word": "δρεπανομάχαιρα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "engastrimákhaira",
      "word": "ἐγγαστριμάχαιρα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairâs",
      "word": "μαχαιρᾶς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairodétēs",
      "word": "μαχαιροδέτης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairothḗkē",
      "word": "μαχαιροθήκη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairopoiós",
      "word": "μαχαιροποιός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairopṓlion",
      "word": "μαχαιροπώλιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairourgós",
      "word": "μαχαιρουργός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairophóros",
      "word": "μαχαιροφόρος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "makhairóphullon",
      "word": "μαχαιρόφυλλον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiphomákhaira",
      "word": "ξιφομάχαιρα"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc-koi",
            "2": "μαχαίριον",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "diminutive"
          },
          "expansion": "(diminutive)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion) (diminutive)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "μαχαίρι",
            "3": "μαχαίρα",
            "gloss2": "large knife"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: μαχαίρι (machaíri), μαχαίρα (machaíra, “large knife”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "μάχαιρα",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "machaera",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: machaera",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: machaera"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Machairodus",
            "2": "genus"
          },
          "expansion": "Machairodus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Translingual: †Machairodus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "sem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Semitic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "he",
        "2": "מכרה",
        "t": "sword",
        "tr": "mᵉkērā"
      },
      "expansion": "Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Controversial:\n* Traditionally linked to μάχομαι (mákhomai, “to fight”); compare μάχη (mákhē, “a battle, a strife”). Though formally without issues, Chantraine finds this implausible.\n* Others consider the word to be from a foreign or substrate source, though exact comparanda are disputed. Lewy considers the word as a Semitic borrowing; compare Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”). However, Gordon considers the Hebrew to be borrowed from Greek, rather than the other way around.\n* Beekes prefers to link the word to μάγειρος (mágeiros, “cook”), taking the γ/χ interchange as evidence of Pre-Greek origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mákhaira",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μᾰχαίρας",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ μάχαιρᾰ",
      "roman": "hē mákhaira",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ μάχαιραι",
      "roman": "hai mákhairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς μαχαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tês makhaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν μαχαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn makhaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν μαχαιρῶν",
      "roman": "tôn makhairôn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ μαχαίρᾳ",
      "roman": "têi makhaírāi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν μαχαίραιν",
      "roman": "toîn makhaírain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς μαχαίραις",
      "roman": "taîs makhaírais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν μάχαιρᾰν",
      "roman": "tḕn mákhairan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς μαχαίρᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s makhaírās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μάχαιρᾰ",
      "roman": "mákhaira",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μαχαίρᾱ",
      "roman": "makhaírā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "μάχαιραι",
      "roman": "mákhairai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "μᾰχαίρας",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "μάχαιρα • (mákhaira) f (genitive μᾰχαίρας); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "μάχαιρᾰ",
        "2": "ᾱς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
        "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "grc:Swords"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knife",
          "knife"
        ],
        [
          "short sword",
          "short sword"
        ],
        [
          "dirk",
          "dirk"
        ],
        [
          "dagger",
          "dagger"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/má.kʰai̯.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çɛ.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/má.kʰai̯.ra/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.kʰɛ.ra/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çɛ.ra/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈma.çe.ra/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "μάχαιρα"
}