"λύπη" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "álūpos",
      "word": "ἄλῡπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "lupéō",
      "word": "λυπέω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "λύπη"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: λύπη (lýpi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: λύπη (lýpi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "लुप्",
        "t": "to break, tear apart"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Hrewp-",
        "t": "to break, tear up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewp-",
        "t": "to peel off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*láupīˀtei",
        "t": "to cause to bend; to peel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The traditional connection to Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”) can be dismissed, as the Sanskrit root is much more likely from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”), which cannot produce the Greek term.\nBeekes tentatively prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”). While phonetically sound and semantically possible, the lack of evidence directly connecting the Greek sense of \"grief, pain\" to the hypothetical original \"peeling, breaking\" sense renders the etymology uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πη",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū́pē",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πης",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ λῡ́πη",
      "roman": "hē lū́pē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ λῦπαι",
      "roman": "hai lûpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς λῡ́πης",
      "roman": "tês lū́pēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῡ́παιν",
      "roman": "toîn lū́pain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν λῡπῶν",
      "roman": "tôn lūpôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ λῡ́πῃ",
      "roman": "têi lū́pēi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῡ́παιν",
      "roman": "toîn lū́pain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς λῡ́παις",
      "roman": "taîs lū́pais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν λῡ́πην",
      "roman": "tḕn lū́pēn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς λῡ́πᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s lū́pās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πη",
      "roman": "lū́pē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῦπαι",
      "roman": "lûpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῡ́πης",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "λῡ́πη"
      },
      "expansion": "λῡ́πη • (lū́pē) f (genitive λῡ́πης); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῡ́πη",
        "2": "ης"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 21 14 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 21 14 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Pain",
          "orig": "grc:Pain",
          "parents": [
            "Medical signs and symptoms",
            "Perception",
            "Health",
            "Medicine",
            "Body",
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grief, sadness"
      ],
      "id": "en-λύπη-grc-noun-BA2EYyBs",
      "links": [
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἡδονή"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Pain",
          "orig": "grc:Pain",
          "parents": [
            "Medical signs and symptoms",
            "Perception",
            "Health",
            "Medicine",
            "Body",
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pain (of mind or body), suffering, affliction, distress"
      ],
      "id": "en-λύπη-grc-noun-Zqs-g8ba",
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ly̌ː.pɛː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.pi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ly̌ː.pɛː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pe̝/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.pi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λύπη"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Pain"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "álūpos",
      "word": "ἄλῡπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lupéō",
      "word": "λυπέω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "λύπη"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: λύπη (lýpi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: λύπη (lýpi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "लुप्",
        "t": "to break, tear apart"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*Hrewp-",
        "t": "to break, tear up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewp-",
        "t": "to peel off"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*láupīˀtei",
        "t": "to cause to bend; to peel"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. The traditional connection to Sanskrit लुप् (lup, “to break, tear apart”) can be dismissed, as the Sanskrit root is much more likely from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break, tear up”), which cannot produce the Greek term.\nBeekes tentatively prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *lewp- (“to peel off”), whence Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei (“to cause to bend; to peel”). While phonetically sound and semantically possible, the lack of evidence directly connecting the Greek sense of \"grief, pain\" to the hypothetical original \"peeling, breaking\" sense renders the etymology uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πη",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lū́pē",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πης",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ λῡ́πη",
      "roman": "hē lū́pē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ λῦπαι",
      "roman": "hai lûpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς λῡ́πης",
      "roman": "tês lū́pēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῡ́παιν",
      "roman": "toîn lū́pain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν λῡπῶν",
      "roman": "tôn lūpôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ λῡ́πῃ",
      "roman": "têi lū́pēi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῡ́παιν",
      "roman": "toîn lū́pain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς λῡ́παις",
      "roman": "taîs lū́pais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν λῡ́πην",
      "roman": "tḕn lū́pēn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "tṑ lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς λῡ́πᾱς",
      "roman": "tā̀s lū́pās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πη",
      "roman": "lū́pē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῡ́πᾱ",
      "roman": "lū́pā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῦπαι",
      "roman": "lûpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῡ́πης",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first",
        "head": "λῡ́πη"
      },
      "expansion": "λῡ́πη • (lū́pē) f (genitive λῡ́πης); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῡ́πη",
        "2": "ης"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grief, sadness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ἡδονή"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pain (of mind or body), suffering, affliction, distress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pain",
          "pain"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ly̌ː.pɛː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.pi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ly̌ː.pɛː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pe̝/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈly.pi/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.pi/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λύπη"
}