See κρύος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "roman": "kruerós", "word": "κρυερός" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "κρύος" }, "expansion": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-mar", "2": "кри́ю" }, "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krews-", "t": "to freeze, harden" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "crusta" }, "expansion": "Latin crusta", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krewh₂-", "4": "*krewh₂-mo-s", "t": "wound blood" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "txb", "2": "kuraś" }, "expansion": "Tocharian B kuraś", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "kruvesis" }, "expansion": "Latvian kruvesis", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "крига", "t": "ice" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hruse", "t": "surface" }, "expansion": "Old English hruse (“surface”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ae", "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀", "t": "horrible" }, "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).", "forms": [ { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krŭ́os", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ους", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krŭ́os", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ου", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-3", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Third declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tằ krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toû krŭ́ous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠοῖν", "roman": "krŭoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠῶν", "roman": "krŭôn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tôi krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠοῖν", "roman": "krŭoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εσῐν", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krŭ́esĭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krŭ́esĭn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tằ krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "roman": "krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́η", "roman": "krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ὁ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "ho krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "οἱ κρῠ́οι", "roman": "hoi krŭ́oi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ου", "roman": "toû krŭ́ou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "krŭ́oin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ων", "roman": "krŭ́ōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ῳ", "roman": "tôi krŭ́ōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "krŭ́oin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́οις", "roman": "toîs krŭ́ois", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸν κρῠ́ον", "roman": "tòn krŭ́on", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοὺς κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toùs krŭ́ous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ε", "roman": "krŭ́e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οι", "roman": "krŭ́oi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "3": "n", "4": "third", "gen2": "κρῠ́εος" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krŭ́os) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension", "name": "grc-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ου", "3": "m", "4": "second" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krŭ́os) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "dial": "att" }, "name": "grc-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "56 31 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "38 43 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "70 24 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "83 13 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "cold, chilliness" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-J9tYC6vx", "links": [ [ "cold", "cold" ], [ "chilliness", "chilliness" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "23 54 23", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "38 43 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 53 23", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "frost" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-178Mnqbq", "links": [ [ "frost", "frost" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "38 43 19", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "ice" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-TLCyUMYl", "links": [ [ "ice", "ice" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/krý.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/" }, { "ipa": "/krý.os/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "κρύος" }
{ "categories": [ "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words", "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "Ancient Greek lemmas", "Ancient Greek masculine nouns", "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "Ancient Greek nouns", "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms", "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns", "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified", "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation", "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies", "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "kruerós", "word": "κρυερός" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "κρύος" }, "expansion": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-mar", "2": "кри́ю" }, "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krews-", "t": "to freeze, harden" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "crusta" }, "expansion": "Latin crusta", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krewh₂-", "4": "*krewh₂-mo-s", "t": "wound blood" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "txb", "2": "kuraś" }, "expansion": "Tocharian B kuraś", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "kruvesis" }, "expansion": "Latvian kruvesis", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "крига", "t": "ice" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hruse", "t": "surface" }, "expansion": "Old English hruse (“surface”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ae", "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀", "t": "horrible" }, "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).", "forms": [ { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krŭ́os", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ους", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krŭ́os", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ου", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-3", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Third declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tằ krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toû krŭ́ous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠοῖν", "roman": "krŭoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠῶν", "roman": "krŭôn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tôi krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠοῖν", "roman": "krŭoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εσῐν", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krŭ́esĭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krŭ́esĭn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tằ krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "roman": "krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krŭ́ei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́η", "roman": "krŭ́ē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ὁ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "ho krŭ́os", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "οἱ κρῠ́οι", "roman": "hoi krŭ́oi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ου", "roman": "toû krŭ́ou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "krŭ́oin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ων", "roman": "krŭ́ōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ῳ", "roman": "tôi krŭ́ōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "krŭ́oin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́οις", "roman": "toîs krŭ́ois", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸν κρῠ́ον", "roman": "tòn krŭ́on", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοὺς κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toùs krŭ́ous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ε", "roman": "krŭ́e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krŭ́ō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οι", "roman": "krŭ́oi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "3": "n", "4": "third", "gen2": "κρῠ́εος" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krŭ́os) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension", "name": "grc-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ου", "3": "m", "4": "second" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krŭ́os) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "dial": "att" }, "name": "grc-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "cold, chilliness" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "cold", "cold" ], [ "chilliness", "chilliness" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "frost" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "frost", "frost" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "ice" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "ice", "ice" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/krý.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/" }, { "ipa": "/krý.os/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "κρύος" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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