See κρύος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "κρύος" }, "expansion": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-mar", "2": "кри́ю" }, "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krews-", "t": "to freeze, harden" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "crusta" }, "expansion": "Latin crusta", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krewh₂-", "4": "*krewh₂-mo-s", "t": "wound blood" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "txb", "2": "kuraś" }, "expansion": "Tocharian B kuraś", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "kruvesis" }, "expansion": "Latvian kruvesis", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "крига", "t": "ice" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hruse", "t": "surface" }, "expansion": "Old English hruse (“surface”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ae", "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀", "t": "horrible" }, "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).", "forms": [ { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krúos", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ους", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krúos", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ου", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-3", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Third declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tṑ krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tà krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toû krúous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠοῖν", "roman": "toîn kruoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν κρῠῶν", "roman": "tôn kruôn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tôi krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠοῖν", "roman": "toîn kruoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εσῐν", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krúesi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krúesin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tṑ krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tà krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "roman": "krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́η", "roman": "krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ὁ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "ho krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ω", "roman": "tṑ krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "οἱ κρῠ́οι", "roman": "hoi krúoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ου", "roman": "toû krúou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "toîn krúoin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν κρῠ́ων", "roman": "tôn krúōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ῳ", "roman": "tôi krúōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "toîn krúoin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́οις", "roman": "toîs krúois", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸν κρῠ́ον", "roman": "tòn krúon", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ω", "roman": "tṑ krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοὺς κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toùs krúous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ε", "roman": "krúe", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οι", "roman": "krúoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "3": "n", "4": "third", "gen2": "κρῠ́εος" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension", "name": "grc-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ου", "3": "m", "4": "second" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "dial": "att" }, "name": "grc-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "62 31 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "77 18 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "85 11 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "cold, chilliness" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-J9tYC6vx", "links": [ [ "cold", "cold" ], [ "chilliness", "chilliness" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "25 62 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "25 62 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "25 62 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "frost" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-178Mnqbq", "links": [ [ "frost", "frost" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "ice" ], "head_nr": 2, "id": "en-κρύος-grc-noun-TLCyUMYl", "links": [ [ "ice", "ice" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/krý.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/" }, { "ipa": "/krý.os/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "κρύος" }
{ "categories": [ "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words", "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "Ancient Greek lemmas", "Ancient Greek masculine nouns", "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension", "Ancient Greek nouns", "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms", "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns", "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified", "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation", "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies", "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "κρύος" }, "expansion": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: κρύος (krýos)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-mar", "2": "кри́ю" }, "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mariupol Greek: кри́ю (kríju)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc" }, "expansion": "Uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krews-", "t": "to freeze, harden" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "crusta" }, "expansion": "Latin crusta", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*krewh₂-", "4": "*krewh₂-mo-s", "t": "wound blood" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "txb", "2": "kuraś" }, "expansion": "Tocharian B kuraś", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "kruvesis" }, "expansion": "Latvian kruvesis", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "крига", "t": "ice" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hruse", "t": "surface" }, "expansion": "Old English hruse (“surface”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ae", "2": "𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀", "t": "horrible" }, "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“to freeze, harden”) and cognate with Latin crusta, but according to Beekes, the word could alternatively derive from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-mo-s (“wound blood”) based on the derivative κρυμός (krumós, “frost”) (though this theory is semantically less convincing). For the former case, compare Tocharian B kuraś, krośce (“cold”), Latvian kruvesis, perhaps Ukrainian крига (kryha, “ice”) and Old English hruse (“surface”); for the latter, compare Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (xrūma, “horrible”). See also κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice; rock crystal”) (which Beekes considers Pre-Greek).", "forms": [ { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krúos", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ους", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εος", "head_nr": 1, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "krúos", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ου", "head_nr": 2, "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-3", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Third declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tṑ krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tà krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toû krúous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠοῖν", "roman": "toîn kruoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν κρῠῶν", "roman": "tôn kruôn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tôi krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠοῖν", "roman": "toîn kruoîn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́εσῐν", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krúesi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "toîs krúesin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "tò krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ει", "roman": "tṑ krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η", "roman": "tà krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ος", "roman": "krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ει", "roman": "krúei", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́η", "roman": "krúē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "ὁ κρῠ́ος", "roman": "ho krúos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ω", "roman": "tṑ krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "οἱ κρῠ́οι", "roman": "hoi krúoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ κρῠ́ου", "roman": "toû krúou", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "toîn krúoin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν κρῠ́ων", "roman": "tôn krúōn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ κρῠ́ῳ", "roman": "tôi krúōi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν κρῠ́οιν", "roman": "toîn krúoin", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς κρῠ́οις", "roman": "toîs krúois", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸν κρῠ́ον", "roman": "tòn krúon", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ κρῠ́ω", "roman": "tṑ krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοὺς κρῠ́ους", "roman": "toùs krúous", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ε", "roman": "krúe", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́ω", "roman": "krúō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "κρῠ́οι", "roman": "krúoi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "3": "n", "4": "third", "gen2": "κρῠ́εος" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension", "name": "grc-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ου", "3": "m", "4": "second" }, "expansion": "κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "κρῠ́ους", "dial": "att" }, "name": "grc-decl" }, { "args": { "1": "κρῠ́ος", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "cold, chilliness" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "cold", "cold" ], [ "chilliness", "chilliness" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "frost" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "frost", "frost" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "ice" ], "head_nr": 2, "links": [ [ "ice", "ice" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/krý.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/" }, { "ipa": "/krý.os/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkry.os/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkri.os/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "κρύος" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.