"κακός" meaning in Ancient Greek

See κακός in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ka.kós/, /kaˈkos/, /kaˈkos/, /ka.kós/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /kaˈkos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /kaˈkos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /kaˈkos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /kaˈkos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: The origin is unknown, with multiple theories proposed: * From a Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-, *knḱ- (“slight”), and related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”). * From Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”), and related to Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”), Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”). * From Pre-Greek. * Possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”); compare κακκάω (kakkáō, “id”). See also Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”), which was borrowed from Greek, and Albanian keq (“bad”). Etymology templates: {{unk|grc|title=unknown}} unknown, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*kaḱ-}} Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-, {{cog|ae|𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎|t=small, slight}} Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”), {{der|grc|ine-pro|*kenk-|t=to burn, hunger, desire}} Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”), {{cog|lt|keñkti|t=to do harm, ache}} Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hungruz|t=hunger}} Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”), {{der|grc|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*kakka-|t=to defecate}} Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”), {{cog|xpg|κακον|t=harm}} Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”), {{cog|sq|keq|t=bad}} Albanian keq (“bad”) Head templates: {{grc-adj-1&2|κᾰκή|κᾰκόν|head=κᾰκός}} κᾰκός • (kăkós) m (feminine κᾰκή, neuter κᾰκόν); first/second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-adecl|κᾰκός|κᾰκή|comp=κᾰκώτερος, κᾰκῑότερος, κᾰκῑ́ων, κᾰκῐ́ων (Epic), χείρων, ἥττων|super=κᾰ́κῐστος, χείρῐστος, ἥκῐστος}} Forms: κᾰκός [canonical], kăkós [romanization], κᾰκή [feminine], κᾰκόν [neuter], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], κᾰκός [masculine, nominative, singular], κᾰκή [feminine, nominative, singular], κᾰκόν [neuter, nominative, singular], κᾰκώ [dual, masculine, nominative], κᾰκᾱ́ [dual, feminine, nominative], κᾰκώ [dual, neuter, nominative], κᾰκοί [masculine, nominative, plural], κᾰκαί [feminine, nominative, plural], κᾰκᾰ́ [neuter, nominative, plural], κᾰκοῦ [genitive, masculine, singular], κᾰκῆς [feminine, genitive, singular], κᾰκοῦ [genitive, neuter, singular], κᾰκοῖν [dual, genitive, masculine], κᾰκαῖν [dual, feminine, genitive], κᾰκοῖν [dual, genitive, neuter], κᾰκῶν [genitive, masculine, plural], κᾰκῶν [feminine, genitive, plural], κᾰκῶν [genitive, neuter, plural], κᾰκῷ [dative, masculine, singular], κᾰκῇ [dative, feminine, singular], κᾰκῷ [dative, neuter, singular], κᾰκοῖν [dative, dual, masculine], κᾰκαῖν [dative, dual, feminine], κᾰκοῖν [dative, dual, neuter], κᾰκοῖς [dative, masculine, plural], κᾰκαῖς [dative, feminine, plural], κᾰκοῖς [dative, neuter, plural], κᾰκόν [accusative, masculine, singular], κᾰκήν [accusative, feminine, singular], κᾰκόν [accusative, neuter, singular], κᾰκώ [accusative, dual, masculine], κᾰκᾱ́ [accusative, dual, feminine], κᾰκώ [accusative, dual, neuter], κᾰκούς [accusative, masculine, plural], κᾰκᾱ́ς [accusative, feminine, plural], κᾰκᾰ́ [accusative, neuter, plural], κᾰκέ [masculine, singular, vocative], κᾰκή [feminine, singular, vocative], κᾰκόν [neuter, singular, vocative], κᾰκώ [dual, masculine, vocative], κᾰκᾱ́ [dual, feminine, vocative], κᾰκώ [dual, neuter, vocative], κᾰκοί [masculine, plural, vocative], κᾰκαί [feminine, plural, vocative], κᾰκᾰ́ [neuter, plural, vocative], κᾰκῶς [adverbial, feminine, masculine, neuter], κᾰκώτερος [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], κᾰκῑότερος [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], κᾰκῑ́ων [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], κᾰκῐ́ων [Epic, comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], χείρων [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], ἥττων [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], kăkṓteros [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], kăkīóteros [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], kăkī́ōn [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], kăkĭ́ōn [Epic, comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], kheírōn [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], hḗttōn [comparative, feminine, masculine, neuter], κᾰ́κῐστος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative], χείρῐστος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative], ἥκῐστος [feminine, masculine, neuter, superlative]
  1. As a measure of quality: bad, worthless, useless
    Sense id: en-κακός-grc-adj-tc7Hk6uJ Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ethics Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 44 15 32 9 Disambiguation of Ethics: 43 48 9 0
  2. As a measure of appearance: ugly, hideous
    Sense id: en-κακός-grc-adj-nszSMi6E Categories (other): Ethics Disambiguation of Ethics: 43 48 9 0
  3. Of circumstances: injurious, wretched, unhappy
    Sense id: en-κακός-grc-adj-lKr39Vuz Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 18 5 78 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 3 88 0
  4. As a measure of character: low, mean, vile, evil
    Sense id: en-κακός-grc-adj-Ws4Xog9u
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: κᾰ́κη (kắkē), κᾰκηγορέω (kăkēgoréō), κᾰκηγορῐ́ᾱ (kăkēgorĭ́ā), κᾰκήγορος (kăkḗgoros), κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (kăkĭ́ā), κᾰκῐ́ζω (kăkĭ́zō), κάκιστος (kákistos), κακο- (kako-), κᾰκόβῐος (kăkóbĭos), κᾰκοβουλῐ́ᾱ (kăkoboulĭ́ā), κᾰκοδαιμονῐ́ᾱ (kăkodaimonĭ́ā), κᾰκοδαίμων (kăkodaímōn), κᾰκοδοξῐ́ᾱ (kăkodoxĭ́ā), κᾰκόδοξος (kăkódoxos), κᾰκόζηλος (kăkózēlos), κᾰκοήθειᾰ (kăkoḗtheiă), κᾰκοήθης (kăkoḗthēs), κᾰκόθῡμος (kăkóthūmos), κᾰκολογέω (kăkologéō), κᾰκόλογος (kăkólogos), κᾰκομήχᾰνος (kăkomḗkhănos), κᾰκόνοιᾰ (kăkónoiă), κᾰκόνους (kăkónous), κᾰκοπᾰ́θειᾰ (kăkopắtheiă), κᾰκοπᾰθέω (kăkopăthéō), κᾰκοπᾰθής (kăkopăthḗs), κᾰκόπᾰθος (kăkópăthos), κᾰκοποιέω (kăkopoiéō), κᾰκοποιός (kăkopoiós), κᾰκοπολῑτείᾱ (kăkopolīteíā), κᾰκοπρᾱγέω (kăkoprāgéō), κᾰκοπρᾱγῐ́ᾱ (kăkoprāgĭ́ā), κᾰκοπρᾱ́γμων (kăkoprā́gmōn), κᾰκόσῑτος (kăkósītos), κᾰ́κοσμος (kắkosmos), κᾰκοστόμᾰχος (kăkostómăkhos), κᾰ́κοτεχνέω (kắkotekhnéō), κᾰκοτεχνῐ́ᾱ (kăkotekhnĭ́ā), κᾰκότεχνος (kăkótekhnos), κᾰκότης (kăkótēs), κᾰκοτροπῐ́ᾱ (kăkotropĭ́ā), κᾰκότροπος (kăkótropos), κᾰκοτυχέω (kăkotukhéō), κᾰκοτυχής (kăkotukhḗs), κᾰκουργέω (kăkourgéō), κᾰκούργημα (kăkoúrgēma), κᾰκουργῐ́ᾱ (kăkourgĭ́ā), κᾰκοῦργος (kăkoûrgos), κᾰκουχέω (kăkoukhéō), κᾰκοφρᾰδής (kăkophrădḗs), κᾰκόφρων (kăkóphrōn), κᾰκόφωνος (kăkóphōnos), κᾰκόω (kăkóō), κᾰ́κωσῐς (kắkōsĭs), κᾰχέκτης (kăkhéktēs), μνησῐκᾰκέω (mnēsĭkăkéō), μνησῐκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (mnēsĭkăkĭ́ā), μνησῐ́κᾰκος (mnēsĭ́kăkos), πᾰ́γκᾰκος (pắnkăkos), περῐκᾰκέω (perĭkăkéō), περῐκᾰ́κησῐς (perĭkắkēsĭs), συγκᾰκοπαθέω (sunkăkopathéō), συγκᾰκουργέω (sunkăkourgéō), τρῐσκᾰκοδαίμων (trĭskăkodaímōn)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kắkē",
      "word": "κᾰ́κη"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkēgoréō",
      "word": "κᾰκηγορέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkēgorĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκηγορῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkḗgoros",
      "word": "κᾰκήγορος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkĭ́zō",
      "word": "κᾰκῐ́ζω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kákistos",
      "word": "κάκιστος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kako-",
      "word": "κακο-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkóbĭos",
      "word": "κᾰκόβῐος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoboulĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοβουλῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkodaimonĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοδαιμονῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkodaímōn",
      "word": "κᾰκοδαίμων"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkodoxĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοδοξῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkódoxos",
      "word": "κᾰκόδοξος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkózēlos",
      "word": "κᾰκόζηλος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoḗtheiă",
      "word": "κᾰκοήθειᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoḗthēs",
      "word": "κᾰκοήθης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkóthūmos",
      "word": "κᾰκόθῡμος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkologéō",
      "word": "κᾰκολογέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkólogos",
      "word": "κᾰκόλογος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkomḗkhănos",
      "word": "κᾰκομήχᾰνος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkónoiă",
      "word": "κᾰκόνοιᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkónous",
      "word": "κᾰκόνους"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopắtheiă",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰ́θειᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopăthéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰθέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopăthḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰθής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkópăthos",
      "word": "κᾰκόπᾰθος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopoiéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοποιέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopoiós",
      "word": "κᾰκοποιός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkopolīteíā",
      "word": "κᾰκοπολῑτείᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoprāgéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱγέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoprāgĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱγῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoprā́gmōn",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱ́γμων"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkósītos",
      "word": "κᾰκόσῑτος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kắkosmos",
      "word": "κᾰ́κοσμος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkostómăkhos",
      "word": "κᾰκοστόμᾰχος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kắkotekhnéō",
      "word": "κᾰ́κοτεχνέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkotekhnĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοτεχνῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkótekhnos",
      "word": "κᾰκότεχνος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkótēs",
      "word": "κᾰκότης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkotropĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοτροπῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkótropos",
      "word": "κᾰκότροπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkotukhéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοτυχέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkotukhḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοτυχής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkourgéō",
      "word": "κᾰκουργέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoúrgēma",
      "word": "κᾰκούργημα"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkourgĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκουργῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoûrgos",
      "word": "κᾰκοῦργος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkoukhéō",
      "word": "κᾰκουχέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkophrădḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοφρᾰδής"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkóphrōn",
      "word": "κᾰκόφρων"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkóphōnos",
      "word": "κᾰκόφωνος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkóō",
      "word": "κᾰκόω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kắkōsĭs",
      "word": "κᾰ́κωσῐς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "kăkhéktēs",
      "word": "κᾰχέκτης"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "mnēsĭkăkéō",
      "word": "μνησῐκᾰκέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "mnēsĭkăkĭ́ā",
      "word": "μνησῐκᾰκῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "mnēsĭ́kăkos",
      "word": "μνησῐ́κᾰκος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pắnkăkos",
      "word": "πᾰ́γκᾰκος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perĭkăkéō",
      "word": "περῐκᾰκέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perĭkắkēsĭs",
      "word": "περῐκᾰ́κησῐς"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sunkăkopathéō",
      "word": "συγκᾰκοπαθέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sunkăkourgéō",
      "word": "συγκᾰκουργέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "trĭskăkodaímōn",
      "word": "τρῐσκᾰκοδαίμων"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κακός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κακός (kakós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: κακός (kakós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "како́с"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: како́с (kakós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: како́с (kakós)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kaḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎",
        "t": "small, slight"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kenk-",
        "t": "to burn, hunger, desire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "keñkti",
        "t": "to do harm, ache"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hungruz",
        "t": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kakka-",
        "t": "to defecate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpg",
        "2": "κακον",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "keq",
        "t": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian keq (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is unknown, with multiple theories proposed:\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-, *knḱ- (“slight”), and related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”), and related to Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”), Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”).\n* From Pre-Greek.\n* Possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”); compare κακκάω (kakkáō, “id”).\nSee also Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”), which was borrowed from Greek, and Albanian keq (“bad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰκός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκός",
      "roman": "kăkós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "roman": "kăkḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοί",
      "roman": "kăkoí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαί",
      "roman": "kăkaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῦ",
      "roman": "kăkoû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῆς",
      "roman": "kăkês",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῦ",
      "roman": "kăkoû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖν",
      "roman": "kăkaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῷ",
      "roman": "kăkôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῇ",
      "roman": "kăkêi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῷ",
      "roman": "kăkôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖν",
      "roman": "kăkaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖς",
      "roman": "kăkoîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖς",
      "roman": "kăkaîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖς",
      "roman": "kăkoîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκήν",
      "roman": "kăkḗn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκούς",
      "roman": "kăkoús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "kăkā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκέ",
      "roman": "kăké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "roman": "kăkḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοί",
      "roman": "kăkoí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαί",
      "roman": "kăkaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶς",
      "roman": "kăkôs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώτερος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῑότερος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῑ́ων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῐ́ων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "Epic",
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χείρων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἥττων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkṓteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkīóteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkī́ōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkĭ́ōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "Epic",
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kheírōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hḗttōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́κῐστος",
      "roman": "kắkĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χείρῐστος",
      "roman": "kheírĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἥκῐστος",
      "roman": "hḗkĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰκή",
        "2": "κᾰκόν",
        "head": "κᾰκός"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰκός • (kăkós) m (feminine κᾰκή, neuter κᾰκόν); first/second declension",
      "name": "grc-adj-1&2"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰκός",
        "2": "κᾰκή",
        "comp": "κᾰκώτερος, κᾰκῑότερος, κᾰκῑ́ων, κᾰκῐ́ων (Epic), χείρων, ἥττων",
        "super": "κᾰ́κῐστος, χείρῐστος, ἥκῐστος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 15 32 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 48 9 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "grc:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of quality: bad, worthless, useless"
      ],
      "id": "en-κακός-grc-adj-tc7Hk6uJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "worthless",
          "worthless"
        ],
        [
          "useless",
          "useless"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 48 9 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Ethics",
          "orig": "grc:Ethics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of appearance: ugly, hideous"
      ],
      "id": "en-κακός-grc-adj-nszSMi6E",
      "links": [
        [
          "ugly",
          "ugly"
        ],
        [
          "hideous",
          "hideous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 5 78 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 3 88 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of circumstances: injurious, wretched, unhappy"
      ],
      "id": "en-κακός-grc-adj-lKr39Vuz",
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "wretched",
          "wretched"
        ],
        [
          "unhappy",
          "unhappy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of character: low, mean, vile, evil"
      ],
      "id": "en-κακός-grc-adj-Ws4Xog9u",
      "links": [
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "mean",
          "mean"
        ],
        [
          "vile",
          "vile"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.kós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.kós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κακός"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek adjectives",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "grc:Ethics"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kắkē",
      "word": "κᾰ́κη"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkēgoréō",
      "word": "κᾰκηγορέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkēgorĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκηγορῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkḗgoros",
      "word": "κᾰκήγορος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkĭ́zō",
      "word": "κᾰκῐ́ζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kákistos",
      "word": "κάκιστος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kako-",
      "word": "κακο-"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkóbĭos",
      "word": "κᾰκόβῐος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoboulĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοβουλῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkodaimonĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοδαιμονῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkodaímōn",
      "word": "κᾰκοδαίμων"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkodoxĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοδοξῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkódoxos",
      "word": "κᾰκόδοξος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkózēlos",
      "word": "κᾰκόζηλος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoḗtheiă",
      "word": "κᾰκοήθειᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoḗthēs",
      "word": "κᾰκοήθης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkóthūmos",
      "word": "κᾰκόθῡμος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkologéō",
      "word": "κᾰκολογέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkólogos",
      "word": "κᾰκόλογος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkomḗkhănos",
      "word": "κᾰκομήχᾰνος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkónoiă",
      "word": "κᾰκόνοιᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkónous",
      "word": "κᾰκόνους"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopắtheiă",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰ́θειᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopăthéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰθέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopăthḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοπᾰθής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkópăthos",
      "word": "κᾰκόπᾰθος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopoiéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοποιέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopoiós",
      "word": "κᾰκοποιός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkopolīteíā",
      "word": "κᾰκοπολῑτείᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoprāgéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱγέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoprāgĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱγῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoprā́gmōn",
      "word": "κᾰκοπρᾱ́γμων"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkósītos",
      "word": "κᾰκόσῑτος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kắkosmos",
      "word": "κᾰ́κοσμος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkostómăkhos",
      "word": "κᾰκοστόμᾰχος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kắkotekhnéō",
      "word": "κᾰ́κοτεχνέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkotekhnĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοτεχνῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkótekhnos",
      "word": "κᾰκότεχνος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkótēs",
      "word": "κᾰκότης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkotropĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκοτροπῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkótropos",
      "word": "κᾰκότροπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkotukhéō",
      "word": "κᾰκοτυχέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkotukhḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοτυχής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkourgéō",
      "word": "κᾰκουργέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoúrgēma",
      "word": "κᾰκούργημα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkourgĭ́ā",
      "word": "κᾰκουργῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoûrgos",
      "word": "κᾰκοῦργος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkoukhéō",
      "word": "κᾰκουχέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkophrădḗs",
      "word": "κᾰκοφρᾰδής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkóphrōn",
      "word": "κᾰκόφρων"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkóphōnos",
      "word": "κᾰκόφωνος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkóō",
      "word": "κᾰκόω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kắkōsĭs",
      "word": "κᾰ́κωσῐς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kăkhéktēs",
      "word": "κᾰχέκτης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mnēsĭkăkéō",
      "word": "μνησῐκᾰκέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mnēsĭkăkĭ́ā",
      "word": "μνησῐκᾰκῐ́ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mnēsĭ́kăkos",
      "word": "μνησῐ́κᾰκος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pắnkăkos",
      "word": "πᾰ́γκᾰκος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perĭkăkéō",
      "word": "περῐκᾰκέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perĭkắkēsĭs",
      "word": "περῐκᾰ́κησῐς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sunkăkopathéō",
      "word": "συγκᾰκοπαθέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sunkăkourgéō",
      "word": "συγκᾰκουργέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "trĭskăkodaímōn",
      "word": "τρῐσκᾰκοδαίμων"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "κακός"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: κακός (kakós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: κακός (kakós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "како́с"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: како́с (kakós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: како́с (kakós)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "title": "unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kaḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎",
        "t": "small, slight"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kenk-",
        "t": "to burn, hunger, desire"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "keñkti",
        "t": "to do harm, ache"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hungruz",
        "t": "hunger"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kakka-",
        "t": "to defecate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpg",
        "2": "κακον",
        "t": "harm"
      },
      "expansion": "Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "keq",
        "t": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian keq (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin is unknown, with multiple theories proposed:\n* From a Proto-Indo-European *kaḱ-, *knḱ- (“slight”), and related to Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬎 (kasu, “small, slight”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to burn, hunger, desire”), and related to Lithuanian keñkti (“to do harm, ache”), Proto-Germanic *hungruz (“hunger”).\n* From Pre-Greek.\n* Possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European *kakka- (“to defecate”); compare κακκάω (kakkáō, “id”).\nSee also Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”), which was borrowed from Greek, and Albanian keq (“bad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰκός",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkós",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First and second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκός",
      "roman": "kăkós",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "roman": "kăkḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοί",
      "roman": "kăkoí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαί",
      "roman": "kăkaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῦ",
      "roman": "kăkoû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῆς",
      "roman": "kăkês",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῦ",
      "roman": "kăkoû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖν",
      "roman": "kăkaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶν",
      "roman": "kăkôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῷ",
      "roman": "kăkôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῇ",
      "roman": "kăkêi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῷ",
      "roman": "kăkôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖν",
      "roman": "kăkaîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖν",
      "roman": "kăkoîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖς",
      "roman": "kăkoîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαῖς",
      "roman": "kăkaîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοῖς",
      "roman": "kăkoîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκήν",
      "roman": "kăkḗn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκούς",
      "roman": "kăkoús",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "kăkā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκέ",
      "roman": "kăké",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκή",
      "roman": "kăkḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκόν",
      "roman": "kăkón",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾱ́",
      "roman": "kăkā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώ",
      "roman": "kăkṓ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκοί",
      "roman": "kăkoí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκαί",
      "roman": "kăkaí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκᾰ́",
      "roman": "kăkắ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῶς",
      "roman": "kăkôs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκώτερος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῑότερος",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῑ́ων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰκῐ́ων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "Epic",
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χείρων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἥττων",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkṓteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkīóteros",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkī́ōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kăkĭ́ōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "Epic",
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kheírōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hḗttōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́κῐστος",
      "roman": "kắkĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "χείρῐστος",
      "roman": "kheírĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἥκῐστος",
      "roman": "hḗkĭstos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰκή",
        "2": "κᾰκόν",
        "head": "κᾰκός"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰκός • (kăkós) m (feminine κᾰκή, neuter κᾰκόν); first/second declension",
      "name": "grc-adj-1&2"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰκός",
        "2": "κᾰκή",
        "comp": "κᾰκώτερος, κᾰκῑότερος, κᾰκῑ́ων, κᾰκῐ́ων (Epic), χείρων, ἥττων",
        "super": "κᾰ́κῐστος, χείρῐστος, ἥκῐστος"
      },
      "name": "grc-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of quality: bad, worthless, useless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "worthless",
          "worthless"
        ],
        [
          "useless",
          "useless"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of appearance: ugly, hideous"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ugly",
          "ugly"
        ],
        [
          "hideous",
          "hideous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Of circumstances: injurious, wretched, unhappy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "wretched",
          "wretched"
        ],
        [
          "unhappy",
          "unhappy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As a measure of character: low, mean, vile, evil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "low",
          "low"
        ],
        [
          "mean",
          "mean"
        ],
        [
          "vile",
          "vile"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.kós/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.kós/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaˈkos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κακός"
}

Download raw JSONL data for κακός meaning in Ancient Greek (15.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: κακός/Ancient Greek 'Number' base_tags={'n', 'o', 's', '2', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'l', 'A', '-', 'i', 't'}",
  "path": [
    "κακός"
  ],
  "section": "Ancient Greek",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "κακός",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.