"κάρφω" meaning in Ancient Greek

See κάρφω in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /kár.pʰɔː/, /ˈkar.ɸo/, /ˈkar.fo/, /kár.pʰɔː/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈkar.pʰo/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈkar.ɸo/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈkar.fo/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈkar.fo/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”), which Frisk considers sound-symbolic, with cognates in Balto-Slavic and Germanic including Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”), Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”), Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”). However, the consistent α-vocalism of the Greek words is problematic; based on this, Beekes derives the Greek word from Pre-Greek. It is still possible that the Balto-Slavic and Germanic terms are cognate with the Greek, whether via borrowing from a common substrate source, or via irregular sound changes from *(s)krebʰ- which are not particularly unusual for sound-symbolic roots, as Frisk notes. Etymology templates: {{der|grc|ine-pro|*(s)krebʰ-|t=to wither, warp, stiffen}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”), {{cog|ru|коро́бить|t=to bend, warp}} Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”), {{cog|lt|skrèbti|t=to get stiff}} Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”), {{cog|non|skorpna|t=to writhe, wither}} Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”), {{der|grc|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek Head templates: {{grc-verb|κᾰ́ρφω}} κᾰ́ρφω • (kárphō) Inflection templates: {{grc-conj|pres|κᾰρφ}}, {{grc-conj|fut|κᾰρψ|form=am}} Forms: κᾰ́ρφω [canonical], kárphō [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], κᾰ́ρφω [active, first-person, indicative, singular], κᾰ́ρφεις [active, indicative, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρφει [active, indicative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφετον [active, dual, indicative, second-person], κᾰ́ρφετον [active, dual, indicative, third-person], κᾰ́ρφομεν [active, first-person, indicative, plural], κᾰ́ρφετε [active, indicative, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρφουσῐ [active, indicative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφουσῐν [active, indicative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφω [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφῃς [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφῃ [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφητον [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφητον [active, dual, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφωμεν [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφητε [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφωσῐ [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφωσῐν [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφοιμῐ [active, first-person, optative, singular], κᾰ́ρφοις [active, optative, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρφοι [active, optative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφοιτον [active, dual, optative, second-person], κᾰρφοίτην [active, dual, optative, third-person], κᾰ́ρφοιμεν [active, first-person, optative, plural], κᾰ́ρφοιτε [active, optative, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρφοιεν [active, optative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφε [active, imperative, second-person, singular], κᾰρφέτω [active, imperative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφετον [active, dual, imperative, second-person], κᾰρφέτων [active, dual, imperative, third-person], κᾰ́ρφετε [active, imperative, plural, second-person], κᾰρφόντων [active, imperative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφομαι [first-person, indicative, middle, passive, singular], κᾰ́ρφῃ [indicative, middle, passive, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρφει [indicative, middle, passive, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρφεται [indicative, middle, passive, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, passive, second-person], κᾰ́ρφεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, passive, third-person], κᾰρφόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, passive, plural], κᾰ́ρφεσθε [indicative, middle, passive, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρφονται [indicative, middle, passive, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφωμαι [first-person, middle, passive, singular, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφῃ [middle, passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφηται [middle, passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφησθον [dual, middle, passive, second-person, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφησθον [dual, middle, passive, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰρφώμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, passive, plural, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφησθε [middle, passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], κᾰ́ρφωνται [middle, passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], κᾰρφοίμην [first-person, middle, optative, passive, singular], κᾰ́ρφοιο [middle, optative, passive, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρφοιτο [middle, optative, passive, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφοισθον [dual, middle, optative, passive, second-person], κᾰρφοίσθην [dual, middle, optative, passive, third-person], κᾰρφοίμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, optative, passive, plural], κᾰ́ρφοισθε [middle, optative, passive, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρφοιντο [middle, optative, passive, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφου [imperative, middle, passive, second-person, singular], κᾰρφέσθω [imperative, middle, passive, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρφεσθον [dual, imperative, middle, passive, second-person], κᾰρφέσθων [dual, imperative, middle, passive, third-person], κᾰ́ρφεσθε [imperative, middle, passive, plural, second-person], κᾰρφέσθων [imperative, middle, passive, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρφειν [active, infinitive], κᾰ́ρφεσθαι [infinitive, middle, passive, plural], κᾰ́ρφων [active, masculine, participle], κᾰρφόμενος [masculine, middle, participle, passive, plural], κᾰ́ρφουσᾰ [active, feminine, participle], κᾰρφομένη [feminine, middle, participle, passive, plural], κᾰ́ρφον [active, neuter, participle], κᾰρφόμενον [middle, neuter, participle, passive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], κᾰ́ρψω [active, first-person, indicative, singular], κᾰ́ρψεις [active, indicative, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρψει [active, indicative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρψετον [active, dual, indicative, second-person], κᾰ́ρψετον [active, dual, indicative, third-person], κᾰ́ρψομεν [active, first-person, indicative, plural], κᾰ́ρψετε [active, indicative, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρψουσῐ [active, indicative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρψουσῐν [active, indicative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρψοιμῐ [active, first-person, optative, singular], κᾰ́ρψοις [active, optative, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρψοι [active, optative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρψοιτον [active, dual, optative, second-person], κᾰρψοίτην [active, dual, optative, third-person], κᾰ́ρψοιμεν [active, first-person, optative, plural], κᾰ́ρψοιτε [active, optative, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρψοιεν [active, optative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρψομαι [first-person, indicative, middle, singular], κᾰ́ρψῃ [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρψει [indicative, middle, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρψεται [indicative, middle, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρψεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, second-person], κᾰ́ρψεσθον [dual, indicative, middle, third-person], κᾰρψόμεθᾰ [first-person, indicative, middle, plural], κᾰ́ρψεσθε [indicative, middle, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρψονται [indicative, middle, plural, third-person], κᾰρψοίμην [first-person, middle, optative, singular], κᾰ́ρψοιο [middle, optative, second-person, singular], κᾰ́ρψοιτο [middle, optative, singular, third-person], κᾰ́ρψοισθον [dual, middle, optative, second-person], κᾰρψοίσθην [dual, middle, optative, third-person], κᾰρψοίμεθᾰ [first-person, middle, optative, plural], κᾰ́ρψοισθε [middle, optative, plural, second-person], κᾰ́ρψοιντο [middle, optative, plural, third-person], κᾰ́ρψειν [active, infinitive], κᾰ́ρψεσθαι [dual, infinitive, middle, second-person, third-person], κᾰ́ρψων [active, masculine, participle], κᾰρψόμενος [dual, masculine, middle, participle, second-person, third-person], κᾰ́ρψουσᾰ [active, feminine, participle], κᾰρψομένη [dual, feminine, middle, participle, second-person, third-person], κᾰ́ρψον [active, neuter, participle], κᾰρψόμενον [dual, middle, neuter, participle, second-person, third-person]
  1. to dry up, wither, shrivel
    Sense id: en-κάρφω-grc-verb-JXHI2P69 Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Derived forms: κᾰρφᾰλέος (karphaléos), καρφαρεῖον (karphareîon), κᾰρφεῖᾰ (karpheîa), κᾰρφηρός (karphērós), κᾰρφῐ́ον (karphíon), κᾰρφῐσμός (karphismós), κᾰρφῑ́της (karphī́tēs), κᾰρφοειδής (karphoeidḗs), κᾰρφολογέω (karphologéō), καρφομιγής (karphomigḗs), καρφοπέταλον (karphopétalon), κᾰ́ρφος (kárphos), κᾰρφώδης (karphṓdēs), καρφώνω (karphṓnō), κᾰτᾰκᾰ́ρφω (katakárphō), ὑποκᾰ́ρφω (hupokárphō)
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krebʰ-",
        "t": "to wither, warp, stiffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "коро́бить",
        "t": "to bend, warp"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skrèbti",
        "t": "to get stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skorpna",
        "t": "to writhe, wither"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”), which Frisk considers sound-symbolic, with cognates in Balto-Slavic and Germanic including Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”), Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”), Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”). However, the consistent α-vocalism of the Greek words is problematic; based on this, Beekes derives the Greek word from Pre-Greek. It is still possible that the Balto-Slavic and Germanic terms are cognate with the Greek, whether via borrowing from a common substrate source, or via irregular sound changes from *(s)krebʰ- which are not particularly unusual for sound-symbolic roots, as Frisk notes.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kárphō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφομεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃς",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιμῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίτην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέτω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέτων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόντων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφομαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφονται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωμαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφηται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωνται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίμην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοισθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίσθην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοισθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιντο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφου",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφειν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "masculine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμενος",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "feminine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφομένη",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "neuter",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμενον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψομεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιμῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίτην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψομαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψονται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίμην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοισθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίσθην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοισθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιντο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψειν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "infinitive",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "masculine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμενος",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "feminine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψομένη",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "neuter",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμενον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰ́ρφω"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰ́ρφω • (kárphō)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "κᾰρφ"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fut",
        "2": "κᾰρψ",
        "form": "am"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "karphaléos",
          "word": "κᾰρφᾰλέος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphareîon",
          "word": "καρφαρεῖον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karpheîa",
          "word": "κᾰρφεῖᾰ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphērós",
          "word": "κᾰρφηρός"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphíon",
          "word": "κᾰρφῐ́ον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphismós",
          "word": "κᾰρφῐσμός"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphī́tēs",
          "word": "κᾰρφῑ́της"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphoeidḗs",
          "word": "κᾰρφοειδής"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphologéō",
          "word": "κᾰρφολογέω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphomigḗs",
          "word": "καρφομιγής"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphopétalon",
          "word": "καρφοπέταλον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kárphos",
          "word": "κᾰ́ρφος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphṓdēs",
          "word": "κᾰρφώδης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "karphṓnō",
          "word": "καρφώνω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "katakárphō",
          "word": "κᾰτᾰκᾰ́ρφω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hupokárphō",
          "word": "ὑποκᾰ́ρφω"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dry up, wither, shrivel"
      ],
      "id": "en-κάρφω-grc-verb-JXHI2P69",
      "links": [
        [
          "dry up",
          "dry up"
        ],
        [
          "wither",
          "wither"
        ],
        [
          "shrivel",
          "shrivel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kár.pʰɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ɸo/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kár.pʰɔː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.pʰo/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ɸo/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάρφω"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "karphaléos",
      "word": "κᾰρφᾰλέος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphareîon",
      "word": "καρφαρεῖον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karpheîa",
      "word": "κᾰρφεῖᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphērós",
      "word": "κᾰρφηρός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphíon",
      "word": "κᾰρφῐ́ον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphismós",
      "word": "κᾰρφῐσμός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphī́tēs",
      "word": "κᾰρφῑ́της"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphoeidḗs",
      "word": "κᾰρφοειδής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphologéō",
      "word": "κᾰρφολογέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphomigḗs",
      "word": "καρφομιγής"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphopétalon",
      "word": "καρφοπέταλον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kárphos",
      "word": "κᾰ́ρφος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphṓdēs",
      "word": "κᾰρφώδης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karphṓnō",
      "word": "καρφώνω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "katakárphō",
      "word": "κᾰτᾰκᾰ́ρφω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hupokárphō",
      "word": "ὑποκᾰ́ρφω"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krebʰ-",
        "t": "to wither, warp, stiffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "коро́бить",
        "t": "to bend, warp"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skrèbti",
        "t": "to get stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skorpna",
        "t": "to writhe, wither"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to wither, warp, stiffen”), which Frisk considers sound-symbolic, with cognates in Balto-Slavic and Germanic including Russian коро́бить (koróbitʹ, “to bend, warp”), Lithuanian skrèbti (“to get stiff”), Old Norse skorpna (“to writhe, wither”). However, the consistent α-vocalism of the Greek words is problematic; based on this, Beekes derives the Greek word from Pre-Greek. It is still possible that the Balto-Slavic and Germanic terms are cognate with the Greek, whether via borrowing from a common substrate source, or via irregular sound changes from *(s)krebʰ- which are not particularly unusual for sound-symbolic roots, as Frisk notes.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kárphō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφομεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃς",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφητε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιμῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίτην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέτω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέτων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόντων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφομαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφονται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωμαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφηται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφώμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφησθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφωνται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίμην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιτο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοισθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίσθην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοισθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφοιντο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφου",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφέσθων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφειν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφεσθαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "middle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "masculine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμενος",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφουσᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "feminine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφομένη",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρφον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "neuter",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρφόμενον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψω",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψομεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψετε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσῐν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιμῐ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοις",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίτην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιμεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιεν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψομαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψῃ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψει",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψονται",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "middle",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίμην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιτο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοισθον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίσθην",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψοίμεθᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοισθε",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψοιντο",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "middle",
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψειν",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψεσθαι",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "infinitive",
        "middle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψων",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "masculine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμενος",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψουσᾰ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "feminine",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψομένη",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "middle",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰ́ρψον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "neuter",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "κᾰρψόμενον",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "middle",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "second-person",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "κᾰ́ρφω"
      },
      "expansion": "κᾰ́ρφω • (kárphō)",
      "name": "grc-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "κᾰρφ"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fut",
        "2": "κᾰρψ",
        "form": "am"
      },
      "name": "grc-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ancient Greek verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dry up, wither, shrivel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dry up",
          "dry up"
        ],
        [
          "wither",
          "wither"
        ],
        [
          "shrivel",
          "shrivel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kár.pʰɔː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ɸo/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kár.pʰɔː/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.pʰo/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ɸo/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.fo/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "κάρφω"
}

Download raw JSONL data for κάρφω meaning in Ancient Greek (17.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.