See zvirbulis on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werb-",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "",
"3": "ulis"
},
"expansion": "+ -ulis",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìrblis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìrblis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "врабии"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "воробе́й"
},
"expansion": "Russian воробе́й (vorobéj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "врабе́ц"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vrabec"
},
"expansion": "Czech vrabec",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wróbel"
},
"expansion": "Polish wróbel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *werb-, *werp- ( + -ulis; compare also vērpt (“to spin”)), from *wer- (“to turn, to twist, to bend”) (with an extra suffix -p, -b). The original meaning was a bird that turns and moves all the time. The initial z is either from an s-mobile, or the influence of some other term for this bird species (e.g., dialectal žīgurs, žvīgurs, žvingurs, apparently from the same stem as zviegt (“to neigh, to whinny”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian žvìrblis, Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii), Russian воробе́й (vorobéj), Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc), Czech vrabec, Polish wróbel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "zvirbulis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "zvirbulis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbu",
"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbu",
"2": "is",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbulis",
"10": "zvirbuļiem",
"11": "zvirbulī",
"12": "zvirbuļos",
"13": "zvirbuli",
"14": "zvirbuļi",
"2": "zvirbuļi",
"3": "zvirbuli",
"4": "zvirbuļus",
"5": "zvirbuļa",
"6": "zvirbuļu",
"7": "zvirbulim",
"8": "zvirbuļiem",
"9": "zvirbuli",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ulis",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "lv:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "True sparrows",
"orig": "lv:True sparrows",
"parents": [
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "zvirbulēns"
},
{
"word": "zvirbuliene"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "house sparrow (Passer domesticus)",
"text": "mājas zvirbulis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sparrow (a number of bird species of the order Passeriformes, genus Passer)"
],
"id": "en-zvirbulis-lv-noun-hnlGZ9Gi",
"links": [
[
"sparrow",
"sparrow"
],
[
"Passeriformes",
"Passeriformes#Translingual"
],
[
"Passer",
"Passer#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "dialectal forms",
"word": "zvirbuls"
},
{
"word": "zvirblis"
},
{
"word": "žīgurs"
},
{
"word": "žvīgurs"
},
{
"word": "žvingurs"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:mājas zvirbulis"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zvīɾbulis]"
},
{
"audio": "Lv-zvirbulis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg"
}
],
"word": "zvirbulis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "zvirbulēns"
},
{
"word": "zvirbuliene"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werb-",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "",
"3": "ulis"
},
"expansion": "+ -ulis",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìrblis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìrblis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "врабии"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "воробе́й"
},
"expansion": "Russian воробе́й (vorobéj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "врабе́ц"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vrabec"
},
"expansion": "Czech vrabec",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wróbel"
},
"expansion": "Polish wróbel",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *werb-, *werp- ( + -ulis; compare also vērpt (“to spin”)), from *wer- (“to turn, to twist, to bend”) (with an extra suffix -p, -b). The original meaning was a bird that turns and moves all the time. The initial z is either from an s-mobile, or the influence of some other term for this bird species (e.g., dialectal žīgurs, žvīgurs, žvingurs, apparently from the same stem as zviegt (“to neigh, to whinny”), q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian žvìrblis, Old Church Slavonic врабии (vrabii), Russian воробе́й (vorobéj), Bulgarian врабе́ц (vrabéc), Czech vrabec, Polish wróbel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbulī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "zvirbuļi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "zvirbulis m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "2nd"
},
"expansion": "zvirbulis m (2nd declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbu",
"2": "is",
"3": "2nd",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbu",
"2": "is",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zvirbulis",
"10": "zvirbuļiem",
"11": "zvirbulī",
"12": "zvirbuļos",
"13": "zvirbuli",
"14": "zvirbuļi",
"2": "zvirbuļi",
"3": "zvirbuli",
"4": "zvirbuļus",
"5": "zvirbuļa",
"6": "zvirbuļu",
"7": "zvirbulim",
"8": "zvirbuļiem",
"9": "zvirbuli",
"type": "2nd declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian second declension nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms suffixed with -ulis",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Male animals",
"lv:True sparrows"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "house sparrow (Passer domesticus)",
"text": "mājas zvirbulis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sparrow (a number of bird species of the order Passeriformes, genus Passer)"
],
"links": [
[
"sparrow",
"sparrow"
],
[
"Passeriformes",
"Passeriformes#Translingual"
],
[
"Passer",
"Passer#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:mājas zvirbulis"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zvīɾbulis]"
},
{
"audio": "Lv-zvirbulis.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Lv-zvirbulis.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "dialectal forms",
"word": "zvirbuls"
},
{
"word": "zvirblis"
},
{
"word": "žīgurs"
},
{
"word": "žvīgurs"
},
{
"word": "žvingurs"
}
],
"word": "zvirbulis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for zvirbulis meaning in All languages combined (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.