"xvoja" meaning in All languages combined

See xvoja on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”), dial. skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”), Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”). Indo-European cognates include Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”), Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”), Breton spezad (“gooseberry”), Cornish spedhas f (“briars”), Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”) (from Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats). Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*skwajāˀ}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro||*skwoy-eh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂, {{m|ine-pro|*skwey-|t=needle, prickle, thorn}} *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”), {{cog|lt|skujà||needle of a coniferous tree}} Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”), {{m|lt|skujà||twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale}} skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”), {{cog|lv|skuja||needle of a fir-tree}} Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”), {{cog|sga|scé||hawthorn}} Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”), {{cog|gd|sceathan||thorn bush}} Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”), {{cog|br|spezad||gooseberry}} Breton spezad (“gooseberry”), {{cog|kw|spedhas||briars|g=f}} Cornish spedhas f (“briars”), {{cog|cy|ysbyddad||hawthorn}} Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), {{cog|xpi|*ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ||thorn|ts=*spijad}} Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”), {{cog|cel-pro|*skʷiyats}} Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun}} Forms: xvòja [canonical, feminine], no-table-tags [table-tags], nominative, xvoja [singular], xvoji [dual], xvoję̇ [plural], genitive, xvoję̇ [singular], xvoju [dual], xvojь [plural], dative, xvoji [singular], xvojama [dual], xvojamъ [plural], accusative, xvojǫ [singular], instrumental, xvojejǫ [singular], xvojami [plural], locative, xvojasъ [plural], xvojaxъ [plural], vocative, xvoje [singular]
  1. needles or branches of a coniferous tree Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: xvojь Derived forms: xvojica, xvojina, xvojьka, xvojьnъ Related terms: xujь
    Sense id: en-xvoja-sla-pro-noun-lnVEiCJV Categories (other): Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for xvoja meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "хвоꙗ",
            "alt": "хво́ꙗ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: хво́ꙗ (xvója)\nBelarusian: хво́я (xvója)\nUkrainian: хво́я (xvója); фо́я (fója) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: хво́ꙗ (xvója)\nBelarusian: хво́я (xvója)\nUkrainian: хво́я (xvója); фо́я (fója) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хво́я"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хво́я (xvója)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хвоя́",
            "3": "",
            "4": "long moss on the tree; small brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "хвоя́ (xvojá, “long moss on the tree; small brushwood”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хво́я (xvója); хвоя́ (xvojá, “long moss on the tree; small brushwood”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хво́ја",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "branch"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хво́ја (“branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хво́ја (“branch”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hvója",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "branch"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hvója (“branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hvója (“branch”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hȏja",
            "3": "hvȏja",
            "t2": "spruce; conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hȏja, hvȏja (“spruce; conifer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hovje",
            "3": "",
            "4": "needles or branches of conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "hovje (“needles or branches of conifer”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hȏja, hvȏja (“spruce; conifer”); hovje (“needles or branches of conifer”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chvojě",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer; conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chvojě (“needles or branches of conifer; conifer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chvojě (“needles or branches of conifer; conifer”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chvoje",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer, brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: chvoje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: chvoje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Chod dialect"
          },
          "expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
          "name": "a"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chvůje",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer, brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "chvůje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): chvůje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "χ́ǘöja",
            "t": "pine tree"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: χ́ǘöja (“pine tree”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: χ́ǘöja (“pine tree”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "choja",
            "t": "conifer, pine or spruce"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: choja (“conifer, pine or spruce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "chwoja",
            "3": "",
            "4": "conifer, pine"
          },
          "expansion": "chwoja (“conifer, pine”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: choja (“conifer, pine or spruce”); chwoja (“conifer, pine”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "chvoj"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: chvoj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: chvoj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chvoja",
            "3": "chvoj",
            "t": "young branches, a bunch of greens"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chvoja (“young branches, a bunch of greens”), chvoj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chvoja (“young branches, a bunch of greens”), chvoj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "khója",
            "t": "pine tree"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khója (“pine tree”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: khója (“pine tree”) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "chójanka",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "young pine tree; spruce"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: chójanka (“young pine tree; spruce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: chójanka (“young pine tree; spruce”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*skwajāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*skwoy-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skwey-",
        "t": "needle, prickle, thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "*skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skujà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "needle of a coniferous tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skujà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale"
      },
      "expansion": "skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "skuja",
        "3": "",
        "4": "needle of a fir-tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "scé",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hawthorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sceathan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thorn bush"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "spezad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gooseberry"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton spezad (“gooseberry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "spedhas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "briars",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish spedhas f (“briars”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ysbyddad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hawthorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpi",
        "2": "*ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thorn",
        "ts": "*spijad"
      },
      "expansion": "Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*skʷiyats"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”).\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”), dial. skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”), Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”).\nIndo-European cognates include Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”), Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”), Breton spezad (“gooseberry”), Cornish spedhas f (“briars”), Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”) (from Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xvòja",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvoja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "xvojica"
        },
        {
          "word": "xvojina"
        },
        {
          "word": "xvojьka"
        },
        {
          "word": "xvojьnъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "needles or branches of a coniferous tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-xvoja-sla-pro-noun-lnVEiCJV",
      "links": [
        [
          "needles",
          "needle"
        ],
        [
          "branches",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "coniferous",
          "coniferous"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "xujь"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xvojь"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "xvoja"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "xvojica"
    },
    {
      "word": "xvojina"
    },
    {
      "word": "xvojьka"
    },
    {
      "word": "xvojьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "хвоꙗ",
            "alt": "хво́ꙗ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: хво́ꙗ (xvója)\nBelarusian: хво́я (xvója)\nUkrainian: хво́я (xvója); фо́я (fója) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: хво́ꙗ (xvója)\nBelarusian: хво́я (xvója)\nUkrainian: хво́я (xvója); фо́я (fója) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хво́я"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: хво́я (xvója)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хвоя́",
            "3": "",
            "4": "long moss on the tree; small brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "хвоя́ (xvojá, “long moss on the tree; small brushwood”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: хво́я (xvója); хвоя́ (xvojá, “long moss on the tree; small brushwood”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "хво́ја",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "branch"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: хво́ја (“branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: хво́ја (“branch”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "hvója",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "branch"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: hvója (“branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: hvója (“branch”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hȏja",
            "3": "hvȏja",
            "t2": "spruce; conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: hȏja, hvȏja (“spruce; conifer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "hovje",
            "3": "",
            "4": "needles or branches of conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "hovje (“needles or branches of conifer”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: hȏja, hvȏja (“spruce; conifer”); hovje (“needles or branches of conifer”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "chvojě",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer; conifer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: chvojě (“needles or branches of conifer; conifer”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: chvojě (“needles or branches of conifer; conifer”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chvoje",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer, brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: chvoje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: chvoje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Chod dialect"
          },
          "expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
          "name": "a"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "chvůje",
            "t": "needles or branches of conifer, brushwood"
          },
          "expansion": "chvůje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): chvůje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "χ́ǘöja",
            "t": "pine tree"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: χ́ǘöja (“pine tree”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: χ́ǘöja (“pine tree”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "choja",
            "t": "conifer, pine or spruce"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: choja (“conifer, pine or spruce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "chwoja",
            "3": "",
            "4": "conifer, pine"
          },
          "expansion": "chwoja (“conifer, pine”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: choja (“conifer, pine or spruce”); chwoja (“conifer, pine”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "chvoj"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: chvoj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: chvoj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "chvoja",
            "3": "chvoj",
            "t": "young branches, a bunch of greens"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: chvoja (“young branches, a bunch of greens”), chvoj",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: chvoja (“young branches, a bunch of greens”), chvoj"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "khója",
            "t": "pine tree"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khója (“pine tree”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: khója (“pine tree”) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "chójanka",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "young pine tree; spruce"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: chójanka (“young pine tree; spruce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: chójanka (“young pine tree; spruce”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*skwajāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*skwoy-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skwey-",
        "t": "needle, prickle, thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "*skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skujà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "needle of a coniferous tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "skujà",
        "3": "",
        "4": "twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale"
      },
      "expansion": "skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "skuja",
        "3": "",
        "4": "needle of a fir-tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "scé",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hawthorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sceathan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thorn bush"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "spezad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "gooseberry"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton spezad (“gooseberry”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "spedhas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "briars",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish spedhas f (“briars”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ysbyddad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hawthorn"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xpi",
        "2": "*ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thorn",
        "ts": "*spijad"
      },
      "expansion": "Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*skʷiyats"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”).\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”), dial. skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”), Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”).\nIndo-European cognates include Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”), Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”), Breton spezad (“gooseberry”), Cornish spedhas f (“briars”), Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/⁠*spijad⁠/, “thorn”) (from Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xvòja",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nominative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "genitive",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accusative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "instrumental",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "locative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xvojaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vocative",
      "source": "declension"
    },
    {
      "form": "xvoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvoja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "xujь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic soft a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "sla-pro:Conifers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "needles or branches of a coniferous tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "needles",
          "needle"
        ],
        [
          "branches",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "coniferous",
          "coniferous"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "xvojь"
    }
  ],
  "word": "xvoja"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.