See xlěbъ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)\nBelarusian: хлеб (xljeb)\nCarpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)\nUkrainian: хліб (xlib)\nRussian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)\nBelarusian: хлеб (xljeb)\nCarpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)\nUkrainian: хліб (xlib)\nRussian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "хлѣбе",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: хлѣбе (xlěbe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: хлѣбе (xlěbe)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ (xlěbŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлѣбъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хле̏б",
"3": "хље̏б",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: хле̏б, хље̏б",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: хле̏б, хље̏б; хли̏б, хи̑б, ли̏п, ле̏п, хје̏б, хје̏п (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hlȅb",
"3": "hljȅb",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hlȅb, hljȅb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hlȅb, hljȅb; hlȉb, hȋb, lȉp, lȅp, hjȅb, hjȅp (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "hlẹ̑b",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hlẹ̑b",
"2": "hlȅb",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chléb",
"3": "chleba"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chléb, chleba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chléb, chleba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chléb"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chléb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chléb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chleb"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chleb\n→ English: chleb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chleb\n→ English: chleb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "chlyb"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: chlyb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: chlyb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlieb"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlieb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlieb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chléb"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: chléb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: chléb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "klěb"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: klěb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: klěb; chlěb (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "chlěb",
"3": "khlěb"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chlěb, khlěb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: chlěb, khlěb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hleib"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hleib",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Germanic language, probably Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz) which has the root final 𐍆 (f) (phonetically probably [ɸ]) in the nominative, vocative, and accusative singular and 𐌱 (b) (phonetically probably [β]) in the oblique case forms. The fricative was replaced by the labial stop *b since Proto-Slavic did not have labial fricatives. Alternatively it may be from Old High German hleib.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀boma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀boma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀be",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlě̀bъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xlěbъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bovъ",
"word": "xlě̀bovina"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bovъ",
"word": "xlě̀bovьje"
},
{
"word": "xlě̀bьcь"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bьnъ",
"word": "xlě̀bьnica"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bьnъ",
"word": "xlě̀bьnikъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-xlěbъ-sla-pro-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xlěbъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bovъ",
"word": "xlě̀bovina"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bovъ",
"word": "xlě̀bovьje"
},
{
"word": "xlě̀bьcь"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bьnъ",
"word": "xlě̀bьnica"
},
{
"sense": "*xlě̀bьnъ",
"word": "xlě̀bьnikъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "хлѣбъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)\nBelarusian: хлеб (xljeb)\nCarpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)\nUkrainian: хліб (xlib)\nRussian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)\nBelarusian: хлеб (xljeb)\nCarpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)\nUkrainian: хліб (xlib)\nRussian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "хлѣбе",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: хлѣбе (xlěbe)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: хлѣбе (xlěbe)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ",
"sc": "Glag",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ (xlěbŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлѣбъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хле̏б",
"3": "хље̏б",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: хле̏б, хље̏б",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: хле̏б, хље̏б; хли̏б, хи̑б, ли̏п, ле̏п, хје̏б, хје̏п (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hlȅb",
"3": "hljȅb",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hlȅb, hljȅb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hlȅb, hljȅb; hlȉb, hȋb, lȉp, lȅp, hjȅb, hjȅp (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "hlẹ̑b",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hlẹ̑b",
"2": "hlȅb",
"t": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chléb",
"3": "chleba"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chléb, chleba",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chléb, chleba"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chléb"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chléb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chléb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chleb"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chleb\n→ English: chleb",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chleb\n→ English: chleb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "chlyb"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: chlyb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: chlyb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlieb"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlieb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlieb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chléb"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: chléb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: chléb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "klěb"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: klěb",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: klěb; chlěb (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "chlěb",
"3": "khlěb"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chlěb, khlěb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: chlěb, khlěb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hleib"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hleib",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from a Germanic language, probably Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz) which has the root final 𐍆 (f) (phonetically probably [ɸ]) in the nominative, vocative, and accusative singular and 𐌱 (b) (phonetically probably [β]) in the oblique case forms. The fricative was replaced by the labial stop *b since Proto-Slavic did not have labial fricatives. Alternatively it may be from Old High German hleib.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀boma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀by",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀boma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀be",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀ba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xlě̀bi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlě̀bъ",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xlěbъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms borrowed from Gothic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Gothic",
"sla-pro:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xlěbъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xlěbъ meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.