See westernization on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dewesternization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "western",
"3": "-ization"
},
"expansion": "western + -ization",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From western + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westernizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "westernization (countable and uncountable, plural westernizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1964, The journal of Asian studies, volume 24, page 309:",
"text": "I would argue that Westernization as a cultural attribute was less important than the fact that these men had skills disposing them to what rule-based government and^([sic]) fear 'demagocracy' )",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Randall Elam Mayes, The Cybernetics of Kenyan Running: Hurry, Hurry Has No Blessing, page 92:",
"text": "According to anthropology professor Peter Rigby, the Maasai's resistance to Westernization and their reluctance to enter the market system is ethnosuicide.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of assimilation, by a society, of the customs and practices of western culture."
],
"id": "en-westernization-en-noun-hGq5~GNW",
"links": [
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"western",
"western"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "non-Oxford British English",
"word": "westernisation"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḡrīb",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَغْرِيب"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjesternizácyja",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вестэрніза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vesternizácyja",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вэстэрніза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uestǎrnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уестърниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xīfānghuà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西方化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xīhuà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "歐美化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Ōu-Měi-huà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "欧美化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "westernizace"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwestersing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwesterlijking"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "länsimaistuminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "länsimaistaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwestlichung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dytikopoíisi",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυτικοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הִתְמַעַרְבוּת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paścimīkraṇ",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पश्चिमीकरण"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "せいようか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seiyōka",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西洋化"
},
{
"alt": "おうべいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōbeika",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "欧米化"
},
{
"alt": "西洋化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seoyanghwa",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "서양화"
},
{
"alt": "歐美化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gumihwa",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "구미화"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ozapaduvanje",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "озападување"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vesternizacija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "вестернизација"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğarb-garâyi",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "غربگرایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "okcydentalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "westernizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ocidentalização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vɛstɛrnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"neologism"
],
"word": "вестерниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapadnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "западниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jevropeizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "европеиза́ция"
},
{
"alt": "\"европеизация\" and \"американизация\" are often used together to convey this meaning",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "amerikanizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"Americanization",
"feminine"
],
"word": "американиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oksidɛntalizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "оксидентализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalización"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "batılılaşma"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vesternizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вестерніза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "gherblishish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "غەربلىشىش"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "sự Tây phương hoá (sự + 西方化)",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture"
}
]
}
],
"word": "westernization"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dewesternization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "western",
"3": "-ization"
},
"expansion": "western + -ization",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From western + -ization.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westernizations",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "westernization (countable and uncountable, plural westernizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
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"Russian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
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"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes"
],
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{
"ref": "1964, The journal of Asian studies, volume 24, page 309:",
"text": "I would argue that Westernization as a cultural attribute was less important than the fact that these men had skills disposing them to what rule-based government and^([sic]) fear 'demagocracy' )",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Randall Elam Mayes, The Cybernetics of Kenyan Running: Hurry, Hurry Has No Blessing, page 92:",
"text": "According to anthropology professor Peter Rigby, the Maasai's resistance to Westernization and their reluctance to enter the market system is ethnosuicide.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of assimilation, by a society, of the customs and practices of western culture."
],
"links": [
[
"assimilation",
"assimilation"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"western",
"western"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "non-Oxford British English",
"word": "westernisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḡrīb",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَغْرِيب"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjesternizácyja",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вестэрніза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vesternizácyja",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вэстэрніза́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uestǎrnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уестърниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xīfānghuà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西方化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xīhuà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "歐美化"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Ōu-Měi-huà",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "欧美化"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "westernizace"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwestersing"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwesterlijking"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "länsimaistuminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "länsimaistaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalisation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwestlichung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dytikopoíisi",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυτικοποίηση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "הִתְמַעַרְבוּת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paścimīkraṇ",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पश्चिमीकरण"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalizzazione"
},
{
"alt": "せいようか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "seiyōka",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "西洋化"
},
{
"alt": "おうべいか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ōbeika",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "欧米化"
},
{
"alt": "西洋化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seoyanghwa",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "서양화"
},
{
"alt": "歐美化",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gumihwa",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "구미화"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ozapaduvanje",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "озападување"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vesternizacija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "вестернизација"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "ğarb-garâyi",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "غربگرایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "okcydentalizacja"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "westernizacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ocidentalização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vɛstɛrnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"neologism"
],
"word": "вестерниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zapadnizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "западниза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jevropeizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "европеиза́ция"
},
{
"alt": "\"европеизация\" and \"американизация\" are often used together to convey this meaning",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "amerikanizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"Americanization",
"feminine"
],
"word": "американиза́ция"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oksidɛntalizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "оксидентализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "occidentalización"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "batılılaşma"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vesternizácija",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вестерніза́ція"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "gherblishish",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture",
"word": "غەربلىشىش"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"note": "sự Tây phương hoá (sự + 西方化)",
"sense": "assimilation of the western culture"
}
],
"word": "westernization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for westernization meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": Europeanisation vs. jevropeizácija",
"path": [
"westernization"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "westernization",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.