See viholain on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "viha",
"3": "-lain",
"alt1": "viho-",
"t1": "rage"
},
"expansion": "viho- (“rage”) + -lain",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "viholainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish viholainen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From viho- (“rage”) + -lain. Akin to Finnish viholainen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "viholain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiset",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiselle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "viholain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ho‧lain"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian terms suffixed with -lain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "izh:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "The enemy is around [us]!",
"ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 50:",
"text": "Ympäriil on viholain!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enemy, foe"
],
"id": "en-viholain-izh-noun-Gsu9hV~L",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"foe",
"foe"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋiholɑi̯ne/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʋiho̞ɫəi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋiholɑi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʋiho̞ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iholɑi̯n"
}
],
"word": "viholain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "viholain"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian viholain",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Ingrian viholain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/sinin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "XII/sinin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "viholain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisõsõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõssõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõlõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõllõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõssi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "viholain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ho‧lain"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic sinin-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"id": "en-viholain-vot-noun-ZhDMVSRp",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈviholɑi̯n/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvʲihoɫɑi̯n]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iholɑi̯n"
}
],
"word": "viholain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "viha",
"3": "-lain",
"alt1": "viho-",
"t1": "rage"
},
"expansion": "viho- (“rage”) + -lain",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "viholainen"
},
"expansion": "Finnish viholainen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From viho- (“rage”) + -lain. Akin to Finnish viholainen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "1/kärpäin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "viholain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiset",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisee",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisees",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiselle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiselt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisenna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaiseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisinna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "viholain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ho‧lain"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms suffixed with -lain",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ingrian terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/iholɑi̯n",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/iholɑi̯n/3 syllables",
"izh:People"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "The enemy is around [us]!",
"ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 50:",
"text": "Ympäriil on viholain!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enemy, foe"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"foe",
"foe"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋiholɑi̯ne/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʋiho̞ɫəi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʋiholɑi̯n/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʋiho̞ɫɑi̯n]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iholɑi̯n"
}
],
"word": "viholain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "viholain"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian viholain",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Ingrian viholain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/sinin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "XII/sinin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "viholain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisõsõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõssõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõlõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõllõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaizõssi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "viholaisiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "viholain",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ho‧lain"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Votic/iholɑi̯n",
"Rhymes:Votic/iholɑi̯n/3 syllables",
"Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"Votic lemmas",
"Votic nouns",
"Votic sinin-type nominals",
"Votic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈviholɑi̯n/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvʲihoɫɑi̯n]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iholɑi̯n"
}
],
"word": "viholain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for viholain meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Votic]; cleaned text: ^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive., style: //vot-decl-notes//NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"viholain"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "viholain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.