See verkouden on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "fukowtu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: fukowtu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: fukowtu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ver- -en",
"3": "koud"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ver- -en + koud",
"name": "surface analysis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of older verkoud, past participle of the verb in etymology 2 below. The form in -en was generalized from an inflected form by analogy with strong participles such as gehouden, gevouwen, gebrouwen. By surface analysis, ver- -en + koud.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het verkoudenst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudeners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verkouden (comparative verkoudener, superlative verkoudenst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ver‧kou‧den"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 45 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms circumfixed with ver- -en",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "snipverkouden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having a cold"
],
"id": "en-verkouden-nl-adj-2h~k0D2-",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "verkoudheid"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vərˈkɑu̯.də(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɛr-/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-verkouden.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg/Nl-verkouden.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯dən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "verkouwen"
}
],
"word": "verkouden"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "vercouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vercouden",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch vercouden, derived from cout (“cold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verkouden",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ver‧kou‧den"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koud",
"pref": "ver"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 45 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cool, chill, to make or become cold"
],
"id": "en-verkouden-nl-verb-0Gno-orX",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, ergative) to cool, chill, to make or become cold"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 45 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 29 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch prefixed verbs with ver-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 31 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 23 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to catch a cold"
],
"id": "en-verkouden-nl-verb-elomgwQ9",
"links": [
[
"catch a cold",
"catch a cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive or reflexive) to catch a cold"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kou vatten"
},
{
"word": "verkouden worden/raken"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vərˈkɑu̯.də(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɛr-/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-verkouden.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg/Nl-verkouden.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯dən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "verkouwen"
}
],
"word": "verkouden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixed verbs",
"Dutch prefixed verbs with ver-",
"Dutch terms circumfixed with ver- -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯dən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯dən/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "snipverkouden"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "fukowtu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: fukowtu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: fukowtu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ver- -en",
"3": "koud"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, ver- -en + koud",
"name": "surface analysis"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of older verkoud, past participle of the verb in etymology 2 below. The form in -en was generalized from an inflected form by analogy with strong participles such as gehouden, gevouwen, gebrouwen. By surface analysis, ver- -en + koud.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het verkoudenst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudener",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudenste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudeners",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verkouden (comparative verkoudener, superlative verkoudenst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ver‧kou‧den"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "verkoudheid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"having a cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vərˈkɑu̯.də(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɛr-/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-verkouden.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg/Nl-verkouden.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯dən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "verkouwen"
}
],
"word": "verkouden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch prefixed verbs",
"Dutch prefixed verbs with ver-",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯dən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯dən/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "vercouden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch vercouden",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch vercouden, derived from cout (“cold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkouden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoudend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "verkoud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verkouden",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ver‧kou‧den"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koud",
"pref": "ver"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch dated terms",
"Dutch ergative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cool, chill, to make or become cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
],
[
"chill",
"chill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, ergative) to cool, chill, to make or become cold"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"ergative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch reflexive verbs",
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to catch a cold"
],
"links": [
[
"catch a cold",
"catch a cold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive or reflexive) to catch a cold"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kou vatten"
},
{
"word": "verkouden worden/raken"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vərˈkɑu̯.də(n)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vɛr-/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-verkouden.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg/Nl-verkouden.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Nl-verkouden.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯dən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "verkouwen"
}
],
"word": "verkouden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for verkouden meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.