See upér on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*uɸer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *uɸer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *uɸer (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*uber"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *uber",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *uber (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*hupér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *hupér",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *hupér"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*super",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *super",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *super"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin: super",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: super"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖",
"pos": "abl.sg"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖 (supru, abl.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖 (supru, abl.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓",
"3": "𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀",
"pos2": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓 (super), 𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀 (subra, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓 (super), 𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀 (subra, adverb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "above"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úp",
"3": "*-er",
"pos2": "locative adverbial suffix",
"t1": "above"
},
"expansion": "*úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *up-ó (“up”). For the suffix compare *n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*upéri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)upér",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*upér",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "ver",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian: *uwéri; Old Armenian",
"word": "վեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 39",
"english": "preposition",
"sense": "*upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)",
"word": "ubiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 39",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)",
"word": "upári"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "verǰ",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian: *uwérǰo-; Old Armenian",
"word": "վերջ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "above",
"sense": "⇒? Proto-Albanian: *eupera; Albanian",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "epër"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "upper",
"roman": "veroy",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"word": "վերոյ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "over",
"roman": "ufarō, preposition",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *ufaraz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍉"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *ufaraz; Old High German",
"word": "obaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "úpara",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *úparas",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "उपर"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "upara",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *úparah; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úper-o-s (“upper, higher”, adjective)",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *superos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above"
],
"id": "en-upér-ine-pro-adv-iMfwjQvl",
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"id": "en-upér-ine-pro-adv-X7akfjaO",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "upér"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ver",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian: *uwéri; Old Armenian",
"word": "վեր"
},
{
"english": "preposition",
"sense": "*upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)",
"word": "ubiri"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)",
"word": "upári"
},
{
"roman": "verǰ",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian: *uwérǰo-; Old Armenian",
"word": "վերջ"
},
{
"english": "above",
"sense": "⇒? Proto-Albanian: *eupera; Albanian",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "epër"
},
{
"english": "upper",
"roman": "veroy",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"word": "վերոյ"
},
{
"english": "over",
"roman": "ufarō, preposition",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *ufaraz",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍉"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *ufaraz; Old High German",
"word": "obaro"
},
{
"roman": "úpara",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *úparas",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "उपर"
},
{
"roman": "upara",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *úparah; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úper-o-s (“upper, higher”, adjective)",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *superos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*uɸer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *uɸer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *uɸer (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*uber"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *uber",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *uber (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*hupér"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *hupér",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *hupér"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπέρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*super",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *super",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *super"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "super"
},
"expansion": "Latin: super",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: super"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖",
"pos": "abl.sg"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖 (supru, abl.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖 (supru, abl.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓",
"3": "𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀",
"pos2": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓 (super), 𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀 (subra, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓 (super), 𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀 (subra, adverb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "above"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úp",
"3": "*-er",
"pos2": "locative adverbial suffix",
"t1": "above"
},
"expansion": "*úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *up-ó (“up”). For the suffix compare *n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*upéri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)upér",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*upér",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"above"
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "upér"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upér meaning in All languages combined (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.