See tupuna on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mi",
"3": "tupuna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Maori tupuna",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Maori tupuna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tupunas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tūpuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "tupuna",
"3": "tūpuna"
},
"expansion": "tupuna (plural tupunas or tupuna or tūpuna)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Zealand English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Janet Hunt, Hone Tuwhare: A Biography, page 139:",
"text": "[…] tupunas are there, beside us, in the rain, and when the sun comes busting out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 June 1, Chellie Spiller, Rachel Wolfgramm, Indigenous Spiritualities at Work: Transforming the Spirit of Enterprise, IAP, →ISBN, page 253:",
"text": "We have carved the journeys of the adventures of our tūpuna, who were true navigators—venturing into the unknown—sailing towards the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 18, Kieran O'Donoghue, Robyn Munford, New Theories for Social Work Practice: Ethical Practice for Working with Individuals, Families and Communities, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 203:",
"text": "The existence of our wairua in this realm allows us to connect with our tūpuna in the spirit world. The spiritual connection to our tūpuna also exists in certain portals of communication with them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ancestor, especially a grandparent, in Maori culture."
],
"id": "en-tupuna-en-noun-WAMd6dOd",
"links": [
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"grandparent",
"grandparent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Zealand) An ancestor, especially a grandparent, in Maori culture."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tipuna"
}
],
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tupuna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hawaiian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Niʻihau Hawaiian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That is my grandparent.",
"text": "O tou tupuna tela.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Niʻihau form of kupuna (“grandparent, elder”)"
],
"id": "en-tupuna-haw-noun-PVkZrd7P",
"links": [
[
"kupuna",
"kupuna#Hawaiian"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*tumpu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *tumpu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*umpu",
"4": "",
"5": "grandparent or grandchild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *umpu (“grandparent or grandchild”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*apu",
"4": "",
"5": "grandparent or grandchild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent or grandchild”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic *tumpu from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta- + Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *umpu (“grandparent or grandchild”), probably from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent or grandchild”) (*umpu is one of several PMP roots that are identical, except for the first vowel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tūpuna",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "irregular plural",
"4": "tūpuna",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tupuna (irregular plural tūpuna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "tūpuna"
},
"expansion": "tupuna (irregular plural tūpuna)",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grandparent, or any ancestor more remote than one's parents."
],
"id": "en-tupuna-mi-noun-wecKjdPO",
"links": [
[
"grandparent",
"grandparent"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"parent",
"parent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tipuna"
}
]
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mi",
"3": "tupuna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Maori tupuna",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Maori tupuna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tupunas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tupuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tūpuna",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "tupuna",
"3": "tūpuna"
},
"expansion": "tupuna (plural tupunas or tupuna or tūpuna)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Maori",
"English terms derived from Maori",
"English terms with quotations",
"New Zealand English",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Janet Hunt, Hone Tuwhare: A Biography, page 139:",
"text": "[…] tupunas are there, beside us, in the rain, and when the sun comes busting out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 June 1, Chellie Spiller, Rachel Wolfgramm, Indigenous Spiritualities at Work: Transforming the Spirit of Enterprise, IAP, →ISBN, page 253:",
"text": "We have carved the journeys of the adventures of our tūpuna, who were true navigators—venturing into the unknown—sailing towards the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 18, Kieran O'Donoghue, Robyn Munford, New Theories for Social Work Practice: Ethical Practice for Working with Individuals, Families and Communities, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 203:",
"text": "The existence of our wairua in this realm allows us to connect with our tūpuna in the spirit world. The spiritual connection to our tūpuna also exists in certain portals of communication with them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ancestor, especially a grandparent, in Maori culture."
],
"links": [
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"grandparent",
"grandparent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Zealand) An ancestor, especially a grandparent, in Maori culture."
],
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tipuna"
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "tupuna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hawaiian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hawaiian lemmas",
"Hawaiian nouns",
"Hawaiian terms spelled with T",
"Hawaiian terms with usage examples",
"Niʻihau Hawaiian",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That is my grandparent.",
"text": "O tou tupuna tela.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Niʻihau form of kupuna (“grandparent, elder”)"
],
"links": [
[
"kupuna",
"kupuna#Hawaiian"
]
]
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*tumpu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *tumpu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*umpu",
"4": "",
"5": "grandparent or grandchild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *umpu (“grandparent or grandchild”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*apu",
"4": "",
"5": "grandparent or grandchild"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent or grandchild”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic *tumpu from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta- + Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *umpu (“grandparent or grandchild”), probably from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent or grandchild”) (*umpu is one of several PMP roots that are identical, except for the first vowel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tūpuna",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "irregular plural",
"4": "tūpuna",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "tupuna (irregular plural tūpuna)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "tūpuna"
},
"expansion": "tupuna (irregular plural tūpuna)",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Maori terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Maori terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Maori terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A grandparent, or any ancestor more remote than one's parents."
],
"links": [
[
"grandparent",
"grandparent"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"parent",
"parent"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tipuna"
}
],
"word": "tupuna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tupuna meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.