"tunkëdak" meaning in All languages combined

See tunkëdak on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-Finnic]

Etymology: Related to Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk. According to Koivulehto, the term represents a borrowing from an older form of Proto-Germanic *þwinganą (whence German zwingen, Swedish tvinga). LÄGLOS however disputes this; Saarikivi instead suggests a possible connection with Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm) and Hungarian dug, suggesting inheritance from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke- or *čuŋke- (uncertain which is the original, or whether they are two separate words). Etymology templates: {{cog|smi-pro|*coŋkëtēk}} Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk, {{der|urj-fin-pro|gem-pro|*þwinganą}} Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, {{cog|de|zwingen}} German zwingen, {{cog|sv|tvinga}} Swedish tvinga, {{cog|kpv|чыгӧм|tr=či̮ge̮m}} Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm), {{cog|hu|dug}} Hungarian dug, {{inh|urj-fin-pro|fiu-pro|*tuŋke-}} Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke- Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-conj|tunkë}} Forms: tunkë- [stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], tungën [first-person, present, singular], tungin [first-person, past, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], tunkëgon [first-person, optative, singular], tungët [present, second-person, singular], tungit [past, second-person, singular], tungëk [imperative, second-person, singular], tunkëgos [optative, second-person, singular], tunkëbi [present, singular, third-person], tunki [present, singular, third-person], tunki [past, singular, third-person], tunkëgasën [imperative, singular, third-person], tunkëgosën [optative, singular, third-person], tungëkmëk [first-person, plural, present], tungëkmak [first-person, plural, present], tunkimëk [first-person, past, plural], tunkimak [first-person, past, plural], tunkëgatëmëk [first-person, imperative, plural], tunkëgatamak [first-person, imperative, plural], tunkëgotëmëk [first-person, optative, plural], tunkëgotamak [first-person, optative, plural], tungëktëk [plural, present, second-person], tungëktak [plural, present, second-person], tunkidëk [past, plural, second-person], tunkidak [past, plural, second-person], tunkëgatë [imperative, plural, second-person], tunkëgata [imperative, plural, second-person], tunkëgot'ëk [optative, plural, second-person], tunkëgotadak [optative, plural, second-person], tunkëbat [plural, present, third-person], tunki [plural, present, third-person], tunki [past, plural, third-person], tunkëgasën [imperative, plural, third-person], tunkëgosën [optative, plural, third-person], tungëksën [passive, present], tungët'aksën [passive, present], tunkëdisën [passive, past], tungëttisën [passive, past], tunkëdakahën [imperative, passive], tungëttakahën [imperative, passive], tunkëdakohën [optative, passive], tungëttakohën [optative, passive], tungëk [connegative, present], - [connegative, past], tunkëgak [connegative, imperative], tunkëgok [connegative, optative], tungëktak [connegative, passive, present], - [connegative, passive, past], tunkëdagak [connegative, imperative, passive], tungëttagak [connegative, imperative, passive], tunkëdagok [connegative, optative, passive], tungëttagok [connegative, optative, passive], tungëkcin [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, singular], tunkicin [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, singular], tunkënën [first-person, potential, singular], tungëkcit [conditional, conditional-i, second-person, singular], tunkicit [conditional, conditional-ii, second-person, singular], tunkënët [potential, second-person, singular], tungëkci [conditional, conditional-i, singular, third-person], tunkici [conditional, conditional-ii, singular, third-person], tunkëni [potential, singular, third-person], tungëkcimëk [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, plural], tungëkcimak [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, plural], tunkicimëk [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, plural], tunkicimak [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, plural], tunkënëmëk [first-person, plural, potential], tunkënëmak [first-person, plural, potential], tungëkcidëk [conditional, conditional-i, plural, second-person], tungëkcidak [conditional, conditional-i, plural, second-person], tunkicidëk [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, second-person], tunkicidak [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, second-person], tunkënëdëk [plural, potential, second-person], tunkënëdak [plural, potential, second-person], tungëkci [conditional, conditional-i, plural, third-person], tunkici [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, third-person], tunkëni [plural, potential, third-person], tunkëdakcihën [conditional, conditional-i, passive], tungët'akcihën [conditional, conditional-i, passive], tunkëdicihën [conditional, conditional-ii, passive], tungëtticihën [conditional, conditional-ii, passive], tunkëdanëhën [passive, potential], tungëttanëhën [passive, potential], tungëkcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative], tunkicik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative], tunkënëk [connegative, potential], tunkëdakcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative, passive], tungët'akcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative, passive], tunkëdicik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative, passive], tungëtticik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative, passive], tunkëdanëk [connegative, passive, potential], tungëttanëk [connegative, passive, potential], tunkëdak [conditional, conditional-i, infinitive, infinitive-i], tunkëba [active, participle, present], tunkëdapa [participle, passive, present], tungëttapa [participle, passive, present], tunkëdë- [conditional, conditional-i, infinitive, infinitive-ii], tunkënut [active, participle, past], tunkëdu [participle, passive, past], tungëttu [participle, passive, past], tunkëma [conditional, conditional-i, gerund, supine], tunkëminen [conditional, conditional-i, noun-from-verb]
  1. to cram Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "tungima"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: tungima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: tungima/tungida (from *tunkidak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tunkia",
            "bor": "1",
            "q1": "Jõgõperä"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Votic: (Jõgõperä) tunkia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Votic: (Jõgõperä) tunkia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "tunkea"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: tunkea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: tunkea"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "tunkie"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: tunkie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: tunkie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "tungeda"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: tungeda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: tungeda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "tunkta"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: tunkta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: tunkta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tungõtõ",
            "q1": "Mati"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: (Mati) tungõtõ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: (Mati) tungõtõ (from *tungët'ak)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*coŋkëtēk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwinganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "zwingen"
      },
      "expansion": "German zwingen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "чыгӧм",
        "tr": "či̮ge̮m"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "dug"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian dug",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "fiu-pro",
        "3": "*tuŋke-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk. According to Koivulehto, the term represents a borrowing from an older form of Proto-Germanic *þwinganą (whence German zwingen, Swedish tvinga). LÄGLOS however disputes this; Saarikivi instead suggests a possible connection with Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm) and Hungarian dug, suggesting inheritance from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke- or *čuŋke- (uncertain which is the original, or whether they are two separate words).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tunkë-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëbi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatë",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgata",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgot'ëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotadak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëbat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'aksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "potential",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëdëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'akcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdicihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëtticihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'akcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëtticik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdë-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "gerund",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëminen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tunkë"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tunkëdak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Komi-Zyrian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic verbs by type/e",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cram"
      ],
      "id": "en-tunkëdak-urj-fin-pro-verb-NueByw78",
      "links": [
        [
          "cram",
          "cram"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tunkëdak"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "tungima"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: tungima",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: tungima/tungida (from *tunkidak)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tunkia",
            "bor": "1",
            "q1": "Jõgõperä"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Votic: (Jõgõperä) tunkia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Votic: (Jõgõperä) tunkia"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "tunkea"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: tunkea",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: tunkea"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "tunkie"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: tunkie",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: tunkie"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "tungeda"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: tungeda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: tungeda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "tunkta"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: tunkta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: tunkta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "tungõtõ",
            "q1": "Mati"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: (Mati) tungõtõ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: (Mati) tungõtõ (from *tungët'ak)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*coŋkëtēk"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwinganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "zwingen"
      },
      "expansion": "German zwingen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "чыгӧм",
        "tr": "či̮ge̮m"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "dug"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian dug",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "fiu-pro",
        "3": "*tuŋke-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to Proto-Samic *coŋkëtēk. According to Koivulehto, the term represents a borrowing from an older form of Proto-Germanic *þwinganą (whence German zwingen, Swedish tvinga). LÄGLOS however disputes this; Saarikivi instead suggests a possible connection with Komi-Zyrian чыгӧм (ćygöm) and Hungarian dug, suggesting inheritance from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tuŋke- or *čuŋke- (uncertain which is the original, or whether they are two separate words).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tunkë-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëbi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgatë",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgata",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgot'ëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgotadak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëbat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'aksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëgok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "potential",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëdëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'akcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdicihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëtticihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëkcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdakcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungët'akcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëtticik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdë-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkënut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëdu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tungëttu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "gerund",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tunkëminen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tunkë"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tunkëdak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Komi-Zyrian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
        "Proto-Finnic verbs",
        "Proto-Finnic verbs by type/e"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cram"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cram",
          "cram"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "tunkëdak"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tunkëdak meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.