See tumëda on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tume"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: tume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: tume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tumea"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tumea",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tumea (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "tumie"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: tumie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: tumie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "tumei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: tumei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: tumei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "tummõ"
},
"expansion": "Võro: tummõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: tummõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tuma",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) tuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) tuma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ëda"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ëda",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "stummur",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch-black"
},
"expansion": "Faroese stummur (“pitch-black”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tumšs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian tumšs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from the same root as *tumma + *-ëda. Possibly ultimately borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Faroese stummur (“pitch-black”)), or alternatively from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian tumšs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tumëda"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tumëda",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ëda",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"id": "en-tumëda-urj-fin-pro-adj-5rtWib7s",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ëda",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gloomy"
],
"id": "en-tumëda-urj-fin-pro-adj-9pX224XO",
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tumëda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ëda"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "tume"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: tume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: tume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tumea"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: tumea",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: tumea (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "tumie"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: tumie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: tumie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "tumei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: tumei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: tumei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "tummõ"
},
"expansion": "Võro: tummõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: tummõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tuma",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) tuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) tuma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ëda"
},
"expansion": "+ *-ëda",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "stummur",
"3": "",
"4": "pitch-black"
},
"expansion": "Faroese stummur (“pitch-black”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tumšs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian tumšs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from the same root as *tumma + *-ëda. Possibly ultimately borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Faroese stummur (“pitch-black”)), or alternatively from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian tumšs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tumëdëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tumëda"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tumëda",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dark"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gloomy"
],
"links": [
[
"gloomy",
"gloomy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tumëda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tumëda meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.