"treow" meaning in All languages combined

See treow on Wiktionary

Noun [Old English]

IPA: /tre͜oːw/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *treu, from Proto-Germanic *trewą. Germanic cognates include Old Frisian trē, Old Saxon trio, Old Norse tré, Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*treu}} Proto-West Germanic *treu, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*trewą}} Proto-Germanic *trewą, {{cog|ofs|trē}} Old Frisian trē, {{cog|osx|trio}} Old Saxon trio, {{cog|non|tré}} Old Norse tré, {{cog|got|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿}} Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu) Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=n|g2=|g3=|head=trēow|sort=}} trēow n, {{ang-noun|n|head=trēow}} trēow n Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-a-n|trēow|short=1}}, {{ang-decl-noun|trēow|trēowu|trēow|trēowu|trēowes|trēowa|trēowe|trēowum|num=|title=|type=strong a-stem}} Forms: trēow [canonical, neuter], strong [table-tags], trēow [nominative, singular], trēowu [nominative, plural], trēow [accusative, singular], trēowu [accusative, plural], trēowes [genitive, singular], trēowa [genitive, plural], trēowe [dative, singular], trēowum [dative, plural]
  1. tree Categories (lifeform): Trees Synonyms (tree): bēam
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-3Jxe24st Disambiguation of 'tree': 85 0 15 0 0
  2. wood Categories (lifeform): Woods
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-mfeFXreJ
  3. (collective) trees, a forest Tags: collective Categories (place): Forests Categories (lifeform): Trees
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-GfzXo4rA Disambiguation of Trees: 28 1 39 3 6 10 6 6
  4. a piece of wood: beam, log, stake, staff, cudgel
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-ygqET6Iy
  5. gallows; cross Synonyms (gallows): ġealga, rōd
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-cfQp5i4m Disambiguation of 'gallows': 0 0 2 2 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: trēo, trīo, trīow, trȳw, trēu, trēw
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: actrēow (english: oak tree), æppeltrēow (english: apple tree), bōctrēow (english: beech tree), boxtrēow (english: box tree), ċedertrēow (english: cedar tree), eletrēow (english: olive tree), fīctrēow (english: fig tree), fūletrēow (english: black aspen), laurtrēow (english: laurel tree), persoctrēow (english: peach tree), palmtrēow (english: palm tree), pīntrēow (english: pine tree), plumtrēow (english: plum tree), syrftrēow (english: service tree), trēowcynn (english: kind of tree), trēowġewrid (english: thicket of trees), trēowwæstm (english: tree fruit), trēowweorþung (english: worship of trees), trēowwyrhta (english: carpenter), trēowwyrm (english: caterpillar), triewen (english: wooden), wīrtrēow (english: myrtle tree)

Noun [Old English]

IPA: /tre͜oːw/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō. Cognate with Middle Dutch trouwe (Dutch trouw), Old Saxon treuwa, Old High German triuwa (German Treue). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*treuwu}} Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*trewwō}} Proto-Germanic *trewwō, {{cog|dum|trouwe}} Middle Dutch trouwe, {{cog|nl|trouw}} Dutch trouw, {{cog|osx|treuwa}} Old Saxon treuwa, {{cog|goh|triuwa}} Old High German triuwa, {{cog|de|Treue}} German Treue Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=f|g2=|g3=|head=trēow|sort=}} trēow f, {{ang-noun|f|head=trēow}} trēow f Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|trēow}}, {{ang-decl-noun|trēow|trēowa,trēowe|trēowe|trēowa,trēowe|trēowe|trēowa|trēowe|trēowum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: trēow [canonical, feminine], strong [table-tags], trēow [nominative, singular], trēowa [nominative, plural], trēowe [nominative, plural], trēowe [accusative, singular], trēowa [accusative, plural], trēowe [accusative, plural], trēowe [genitive, singular], trēowa [genitive, plural], trēowe [dative, singular], trēowum [dative, plural]
  1. loyalty, faithfulness
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-WPITKnPB Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 5 5 10 35 22 19
  2. grace, favour, help
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-p2tW1XGK
  3. an assurance of faith; word, promise, engagement, covenant, league
    Sense id: en-treow-ang-noun-SyhIpjRJ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: untrēow
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for treow meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "oak tree",
      "word": "actrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "apple tree",
      "word": "æppeltrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "beech tree",
      "word": "bōctrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "box tree",
      "word": "boxtrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "cedar tree",
      "word": "ċedertrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "olive tree",
      "word": "eletrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "fig tree",
      "word": "fīctrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "black aspen",
      "word": "fūletrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "laurel tree",
      "word": "laurtrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "peach tree",
      "word": "persoctrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "palm tree",
      "word": "palmtrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "pine tree",
      "word": "pīntrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "plum tree",
      "word": "plumtrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "service tree",
      "word": "syrftrēow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "kind of tree",
      "word": "trēowcynn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "thicket of trees",
      "word": "trēowġewrid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "tree fruit",
      "word": "trēowwæstm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "worship of trees",
      "word": "trēowweorþung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "carpenter",
      "word": "trēowwyrhta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "caterpillar",
      "word": "trēowwyrm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "wooden",
      "word": "triewen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "myrtle tree",
      "word": "wīrtrēow"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: tre, tree, treo, trew, trewe, treou, trow, trowe\nEnglish: tree\nScots: tree\nYola: tren (plural)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: tre, tree, treo, trew, trewe, treou, trow, trowe\nEnglish: tree\nScots: tree\nYola: tren (plural)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*treu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *treu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*trewą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "trē"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian trē",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "trio"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon trio",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tré"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tré",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *treu, from Proto-Germanic *trewą. Germanic cognates include Old Frisian trē, Old Saxon trio, Old Norse tré, Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "trēow",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trēow n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "trēow"
      },
      "expansion": "trēow n",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "short": "1"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "2": "trēowu",
        "3": "trēow",
        "4": "trēowu",
        "5": "trēowes",
        "6": "trēowa",
        "7": "trēowe",
        "8": "trēowum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Trees",
          "orig": "ang:Trees",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then he ran in front and climbed (lit. ascended) up on a tree. From sycamores that he saw him. For which he would go from there.",
          "roman": "Þā arn hē beforan and stāh ūp on ān trēow. Sicomorum þ hē hine ġesāwe. forþām þe hē wolde þanon faran...",
          "text": "\"Gospel of Saint Luke\", chapter 19, verse 4",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-3Jxe24st",
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "85 0 15 0 0",
          "sense": "tree",
          "word": "bēam"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Woods",
          "orig": "ang:Woods",
          "parents": [
            "Natural materials",
            "Trees",
            "Materials",
            "Nature",
            "Plants",
            "Manufacturing",
            "All topics",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wood"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-mfeFXreJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Forests",
          "orig": "ang:Forests",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 1 39 3 6 10 6 6",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ang",
          "name": "Trees",
          "orig": "ang:Trees",
          "parents": [
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "trees, a forest"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-GfzXo4rA",
      "links": [
        [
          "forest",
          "forest"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) trees, a forest"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a piece of wood: beam, log, stake, staff, cudgel"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-ygqET6Iy",
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ],
        [
          "beam",
          "beam"
        ],
        [
          "log",
          "log"
        ],
        [
          "stake",
          "stake"
        ],
        [
          "staff",
          "staff"
        ],
        [
          "cudgel",
          "cudgel"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "gallows; cross"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-cfQp5i4m",
      "links": [
        [
          "gallows",
          "gallows"
        ],
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 2 2 96",
          "sense": "gallows",
          "word": "ġealga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 2 2 96",
          "sense": "gallows",
          "word": "rōd"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tre͜oːw/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trēo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trīo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trīow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trȳw"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trēu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trēw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treow"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "truce"
          },
          "expansion": "English: truce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: truce"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*treuwu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *treuwu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*trewwō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewwō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "trouwe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch trouwe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "trouw"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch trouw",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "treuwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon treuwa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "triuwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German triuwa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Treue"
      },
      "expansion": "German Treue",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō.\nCognate with Middle Dutch trouwe (Dutch trouw), Old Saxon treuwa, Old High German triuwa (German Treue).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "trēow",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trēow f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "trēow"
      },
      "expansion": "trēow f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "2": "trēowa,trēowe",
        "3": "trēowe",
        "4": "trēowa,trēowe",
        "5": "trēowe",
        "6": "trēowa",
        "7": "trēowe",
        "8": "trēowum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "untrēow"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 5 5 10 35 22 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty, faithfulness"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-WPITKnPB",
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ],
        [
          "faithfulness",
          "faithfulness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace, favour, help"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-p2tW1XGK",
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ],
        [
          "favour",
          "favour"
        ],
        [
          "help",
          "help"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If it is by faith that they find Thee who do find Thee, give me that faith.",
          "text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies\nĠef ðē þurh trēowa findon þā ðe þē findon, sile mē þā trēowa.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an assurance of faith; word, promise, engagement, covenant, league"
      ],
      "id": "en-treow-ang-noun-SyhIpjRJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "faith",
          "faith"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "promise",
          "promise"
        ],
        [
          "engagement",
          "engagement"
        ],
        [
          "covenant",
          "covenant"
        ],
        [
          "league",
          "league"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tre͜oːw/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treow"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English feminine nouns",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
    "Old English neuter nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English ō-stem nouns",
    "ang:Trees"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "oak tree",
      "word": "actrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "apple tree",
      "word": "æppeltrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "beech tree",
      "word": "bōctrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "box tree",
      "word": "boxtrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "cedar tree",
      "word": "ċedertrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "olive tree",
      "word": "eletrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "fig tree",
      "word": "fīctrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "black aspen",
      "word": "fūletrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "laurel tree",
      "word": "laurtrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "peach tree",
      "word": "persoctrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "palm tree",
      "word": "palmtrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "pine tree",
      "word": "pīntrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "plum tree",
      "word": "plumtrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "service tree",
      "word": "syrftrēow"
    },
    {
      "english": "kind of tree",
      "word": "trēowcynn"
    },
    {
      "english": "thicket of trees",
      "word": "trēowġewrid"
    },
    {
      "english": "tree fruit",
      "word": "trēowwæstm"
    },
    {
      "english": "worship of trees",
      "word": "trēowweorþung"
    },
    {
      "english": "carpenter",
      "word": "trēowwyrhta"
    },
    {
      "english": "caterpillar",
      "word": "trēowwyrm"
    },
    {
      "english": "wooden",
      "word": "triewen"
    },
    {
      "english": "myrtle tree",
      "word": "wīrtrēow"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "tre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: tre, tree, treo, trew, trewe, treou, trow, trowe\nEnglish: tree\nScots: tree\nYola: tren (plural)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: tre, tree, treo, trew, trewe, treou, trow, trowe\nEnglish: tree\nScots: tree\nYola: tren (plural)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*treu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *treu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*trewą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "trē"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian trē",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "trio"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon trio",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tré"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tré",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *treu, from Proto-Germanic *trewą. Germanic cognates include Old Frisian trē, Old Saxon trio, Old Norse tré, Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "trēow",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trēow n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "head": "trēow"
      },
      "expansion": "trēow n",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "short": "1"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "2": "trēowu",
        "3": "trēow",
        "4": "trēowu",
        "5": "trēowes",
        "6": "trēowa",
        "7": "trēowe",
        "8": "trēowum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations",
        "ang:Trees"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then he ran in front and climbed (lit. ascended) up on a tree. From sycamores that he saw him. For which he would go from there.",
          "roman": "Þā arn hē beforan and stāh ūp on ān trēow. Sicomorum þ hē hine ġesāwe. forþām þe hē wolde þanon faran...",
          "text": "\"Gospel of Saint Luke\", chapter 19, verse 4",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ang:Woods"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wood"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ang:Forests"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "trees, a forest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "forest",
          "forest"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(collective) trees, a forest"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a piece of wood: beam, log, stake, staff, cudgel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ],
        [
          "beam",
          "beam"
        ],
        [
          "log",
          "log"
        ],
        [
          "stake",
          "stake"
        ],
        [
          "staff",
          "staff"
        ],
        [
          "cudgel",
          "cudgel"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "gallows; cross"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gallows",
          "gallows"
        ],
        [
          "cross",
          "cross"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tre͜oːw/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "tree",
      "word": "bēam"
    },
    {
      "sense": "gallows",
      "word": "ġealga"
    },
    {
      "sense": "gallows",
      "word": "rōd"
    },
    {
      "word": "trēo"
    },
    {
      "word": "trīo"
    },
    {
      "word": "trīow"
    },
    {
      "word": "trȳw"
    },
    {
      "word": "trēu"
    },
    {
      "word": "trēw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treow"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English feminine nouns",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English ō-stem nouns",
    "ang:Trees"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "truce"
          },
          "expansion": "English: truce",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: truce"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*treuwu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *treuwu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*trewwō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewwō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "trouwe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch trouwe",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "trouw"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch trouw",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "treuwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon treuwa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "triuwa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German triuwa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Treue"
      },
      "expansion": "German Treue",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō.\nCognate with Middle Dutch trouwe (Dutch trouw), Old Saxon treuwa, Old High German triuwa (German Treue).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēow",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trēowum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "trēow",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trēow f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "trēow"
      },
      "expansion": "trēow f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trēow",
        "2": "trēowa,trēowe",
        "3": "trēowe",
        "4": "trēowa,trēowe",
        "5": "trēowe",
        "6": "trēowa",
        "7": "trēowe",
        "8": "trēowum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "untrēow"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty, faithfulness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ],
        [
          "faithfulness",
          "faithfulness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace, favour, help"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ],
        [
          "favour",
          "favour"
        ],
        [
          "help",
          "help"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "If it is by faith that they find Thee who do find Thee, give me that faith.",
          "text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies\nĠef ðē þurh trēowa findon þā ðe þē findon, sile mē þā trēowa.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an assurance of faith; word, promise, engagement, covenant, league"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "faith",
          "faith"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "promise",
          "promise"
        ],
        [
          "engagement",
          "engagement"
        ],
        [
          "covenant",
          "covenant"
        ],
        [
          "league",
          "league"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tre͜oːw/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "treow"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.