See tpḗrsneh₂ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "paršna-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (paršna-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (paršna-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fersnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fersnō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fersnō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πτέρνη (ptérnē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pā́ršniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pā́ršniš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *tpērsneh₂-i-s"
},
"expansion": "(< *tpērsneh₂-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pā́ršniš (< *tpērsneh₂-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pā́rṣniṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pā́rṣniṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pā́rṣniṣ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार्ष्णि",
"tr": "pā́rṣṇi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pā́ršniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pā́ršniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pā́ršniš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀 (pāšna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀 (pāšna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "پاژنە",
"tr": "pāžna"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: پاژنە (pāžna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: پاژنە (pāžna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pehnî"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pehnî",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pehnî, panî"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "پانێ"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: پانێ (panê)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: پانێ (panê), پانیە (panye), پاژنە (pajne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "پاژنە"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: پاژنە (pajne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: پاژنە (pajne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"tr": "pʾšnk'",
"ts": "pāšnag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (pʾšnk' /pāšnag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (pʾšnk' /pāšnag/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشنه",
"tr": "pâšne"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاشنه (pâšne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاشنه (pâšne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "paşne"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: paşne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: paşne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*persnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *persnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *persnā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: perna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: perna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*porsno",
"t": "ankle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *porsno (“ankle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-"
},
"expansion": "(< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *porsno (“ankle”) (< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "porsnai-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: porsnai-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: porsnai-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sperH-",
"3": "*-sneh₂",
"alt1": "*t(s)pērH-",
"t1": "to kick with the heel"
},
"expansion": "*t(s)pērH- (“to kick with the heel”) + *-sneh₂",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*sperH-",
"alt1": "*pd-",
"t1": "foot",
"t2": "to beat, kick"
},
"expansion": "*pd- (“foot”) + *sperH- (“to beat, kick”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tpḗrs",
"3": "*-nós",
"alt1": "*t(s)pḗr-s",
"alt2": "*-néh₂"
},
"expansion": "*t(s)pḗr-s + *-néh₂",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from *t(s)pērH- (“to kick with the heel”) + *-sneh₂, possible compound of *pd- (“foot”) + *sperH- (“to beat, kick”). Alternatively from *t(s)pḗr-s + *-néh₂, s-stem of the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsnām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tpḗrsneh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tpḗrsneh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-sneh₂",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heel, upper thigh"
],
"id": "en-tpḗrsneh₂-ine-pro-noun-Jwohow04",
"links": [
[
"heel",
"heel"
],
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"thigh",
"thigh"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tpḗrsneh₂"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "paršna-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (paršna-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (paršna-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fersnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fersnō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fersnō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πτέρνη (ptérnē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pā́ršniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pā́ršniš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *tpērsneh₂-i-s"
},
"expansion": "(< *tpērsneh₂-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pā́ršniš (< *tpērsneh₂-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pā́rṣniṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pā́rṣniṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pā́rṣniṣ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार्ष्णि",
"tr": "pā́rṣṇi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pā́ršniš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pā́ršniš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pā́ršniš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀 (pāšna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬁𐬱𐬥𐬀 (pāšna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "پاژنە",
"tr": "pāžna"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: پاژنە (pāžna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: پاژنە (pāžna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "pehnî"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: pehnî",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: pehnî, panî"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "پانێ"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: پانێ (panê)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: پانێ (panê), پانیە (panye), پاژنە (pajne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "پاژنە"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: پاژنە (pajne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: پاژنە (pajne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"tr": "pʾšnk'",
"ts": "pāšnag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (pʾšnk' /pāšnag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (pʾšnk' /pāšnag/)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پاشنه",
"tr": "pâšne"
},
"expansion": "Persian: پاشنه (pâšne)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: پاشنه (pâšne)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "paşne"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: paşne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: paşne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*persnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *persnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *persnā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perna"
},
"expansion": "Latin: perna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: perna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*porsno",
"t": "ankle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *porsno (“ankle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-"
},
"expansion": "(< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *porsno (“ankle”) (< *tpērsneh₂-h₁en-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "porsnai-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: porsnai-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: porsnai-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sperH-",
"3": "*-sneh₂",
"alt1": "*t(s)pērH-",
"t1": "to kick with the heel"
},
"expansion": "*t(s)pērH- (“to kick with the heel”) + *-sneh₂",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ped-",
"3": "*sperH-",
"alt1": "*pd-",
"t1": "foot",
"t2": "to beat, kick"
},
"expansion": "*pd- (“foot”) + *sperH- (“to beat, kick”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tpḗrs",
"3": "*-nós",
"alt1": "*t(s)pḗr-s",
"alt2": "*-néh₂"
},
"expansion": "*t(s)pḗr-s + *-néh₂",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from *t(s)pērH- (“to kick with the heel”) + *-sneh₂, possible compound of *pd- (“foot”) + *sperH- (“to beat, kick”). Alternatively from *t(s)pḗr-s + *-néh₂, s-stem of the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsnām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tpḗrsneh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tpḗrsneh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpḗrsneh₂",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tpḗrsneh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European compound terms",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-sneh₂",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic eh₂-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"heel, upper thigh"
],
"links": [
[
"heel",
"heel"
],
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"thigh",
"thigh"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "tpḗrsneh₂"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tpḗrsneh₂ meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.