See swerkan on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for swerkan meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swerkaną, whence also Old English sweorcan, Old High German swerchan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swirku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gisworkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "swerkan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swerkan",
"name": "osx-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swerk",
"2": "swirk",
"3": "swark",
"4": "swurk",
"5": "swork",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to darken, be obscured"
],
"id": "en-swerkan-osx-verb-41pzmB4z",
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"obscured",
"obscured"
]
]
}
],
"word": "swerkan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sweorcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sweorcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sweorcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*swerken",
"3": "swærken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *swerken, swærken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *swerken, swærken; swurken (ppl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "swerka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: swerka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: swerka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swerkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swerkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swerkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "swerken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: swerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: swerken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swerken",
"3": "schwerken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: swerken, schwerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: swerken, schwerken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swerkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swerkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swerkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swerken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swerken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swerchan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swerchan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swerchan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swerkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swerku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swirk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sworkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*swerkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swerkan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become dark"
],
"id": "en-swerkan-gmw-pro-verb-KZb18UG8",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swerkan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swerkaną, whence also Old English sweorcan, Old High German swerchan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swirku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gisworkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworkan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "swerkan",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swerkan",
"name": "osx-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swerk",
"2": "swirk",
"3": "swark",
"4": "swurk",
"5": "swork",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon class 3 strong verbs",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to darken, be obscured"
],
"links": [
[
"darken",
"darken"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"obscured",
"obscured"
]
]
}
],
"word": "swerkan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sweorcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sweorcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sweorcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*swerken",
"3": "swærken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *swerken, swærken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *swerken, swærken; swurken (ppl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "swerka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: swerka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: swerka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "swerkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: swerkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: swerkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "swerken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: swerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: swerken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swerken",
"3": "schwerken"
},
"expansion": "Low German: swerken, schwerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: swerken, schwerken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swerkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swerkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swerkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swerken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swerken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swerken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swerchan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: swerchan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: swerchan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swerkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swerku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swark",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swurkīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swirk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swerkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sworkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*swerkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swerkan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"gmw-pro:Darkness"
],
"glosses": [
"to become dark"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swerkan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.