See swerian on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swerien",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: swerien, sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: swerien, sweren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swear"
},
"expansion": "English: swear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: swear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "swer",
"3": "swere",
"4": "sweir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: swer, swere, sweir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: swer, swere, sweir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swereþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sworen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġesworen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swerian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swerian<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forswerian"
},
{
"word": "ġeswerian"
},
{
"word": "mānswerian"
},
{
"word": "swara"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to swear (an oath or a promise)"
],
"id": "en-swerian-ang-verb-YoA0jhrX",
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swarian"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswer.jɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈswerˠ.jɑn]"
}
],
"word": "swerian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: sweren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swören",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Low German: swören, sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: swören, sweren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sweru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōrin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sweri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gisworan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "swerian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sweri",
"2": "swer",
"3": "swōr",
"4": "swōr",
"5": "swor",
"class": "6"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to swear"
],
"id": "en-swerian-osx-verb-sDDo~Bho",
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "swerian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "forswerian"
},
{
"word": "ġeswerian"
},
{
"word": "mānswerian"
},
{
"word": "swara"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swerien",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: swerien, sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: swerien, sweren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swear"
},
"expansion": "English: swear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: swear"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "swer",
"3": "swere",
"4": "sweir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: swer, swere, sweir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: swer, swere, sweir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swereþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōron",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sworen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġesworen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "swerian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swerian<s6>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 6 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to swear (an oath or a promise)"
],
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswer.jɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈswerˠ.jɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swarian"
}
],
"word": "swerian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: sweren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "swören",
"3": "sweren"
},
"expansion": "Low German: swören, sweren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: swören, sweren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swarjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swarjan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to protect, to guard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sweru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sweriad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sweries",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swōris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swōri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "swerien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "swōrin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sweri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gisworan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sworan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "swerian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sweri",
"2": "swer",
"3": "swōr",
"4": "swōr",
"5": "swor",
"class": "6"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon class 6 strong verbs",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to swear"
],
"links": [
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "swerian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swerian meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.