See swalwǭ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swalwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swalwā\nOld English: swealwe, swealewe\nMiddle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh\nEnglish: swallow\nScots: swalla, swallae\nOld Frisian: swale\nNorth Frisian: swaal, swul, swol\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke\nWest Frisian: swel\nOld Saxon: swala\nMiddle Low German: swale\nDutch Low Saxon: swaalfe\nGerman Low German: Schwaale\nOld Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa\nMiddle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe\nDutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: swael\nOld High German: swalawa\nMiddle High German: swalwe\nAlemannic German: Schwalme\nSwabian: Schwaba\nCentral Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal\nHunsrik: Schwalleb\nLuxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef\nGerman: Schwalbe\n→ Dutch: schwalbe\n→ Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)\nVilamovian: śwojmła",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swalwā\nOld English: swealwe, swealewe\nMiddle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh\nEnglish: swallow\nScots: swalla, swallae\nOld Frisian: swale\nNorth Frisian: swaal, swul, swol\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke\nWest Frisian: swel\nOld Saxon: swala\nMiddle Low German: swale\nDutch Low Saxon: swaalfe\nGerman Low German: Schwaale\nOld Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa\nMiddle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe\nDutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: swael\nOld High German: swalawa\nMiddle High German: swalwe\nAlemannic German: Schwalme\nSwabian: Schwaba\nCentral Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal\nHunsrik: Schwalleb\nLuxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef\nGerman: Schwalbe\n→ Dutch: schwalbe\n→ Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)\nVilamovian: śwojmła"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: svale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: svala"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "swalæ",
"3": "swolæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "svale",
"3": "sole"
},
"expansion": "Danish: svale, sole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: svale, sole"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "såla"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: såla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: såla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "svale"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: svale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: svale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: svala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*svālfō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *svālfō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *svālfō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "spálfu"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: spálfu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: spálfu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "солове́й",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Russian солове́й (solovéj, “nightingale”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀλκυών",
"3": "",
"4": "kingfisher"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to Russian солове́й (solovéj, “nightingale”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”), in which case the corresponding PGmc reconstruction would be *swalhwǭ.\nKroonen compares *sūliz (“column, pillar”) and *sūljaną (“to insert a wedge-shaped piece into an incision”), explaining that the gannet and swallow were named for their wedge-shaped tails. In this case, the original form *swoHl-weh₂- would have developed into *swalwǭ by Dybo's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swalwǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swallow (bird)"
],
"id": "en-swalwǭ-gem-pro-noun-y6OgcM2j",
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Dybo's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑl.wɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "swalwǭ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swalwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swalwā\nOld English: swealwe, swealewe\nMiddle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh\nEnglish: swallow\nScots: swalla, swallae\nOld Frisian: swale\nNorth Frisian: swaal, swul, swol\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke\nWest Frisian: swel\nOld Saxon: swala\nMiddle Low German: swale\nDutch Low Saxon: swaalfe\nGerman Low German: Schwaale\nOld Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa\nMiddle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe\nDutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: swael\nOld High German: swalawa\nMiddle High German: swalwe\nAlemannic German: Schwalme\nSwabian: Schwaba\nCentral Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal\nHunsrik: Schwalleb\nLuxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef\nGerman: Schwalbe\n→ Dutch: schwalbe\n→ Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)\nVilamovian: śwojmła",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swalwā\nOld English: swealwe, swealewe\nMiddle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh\nEnglish: swallow\nScots: swalla, swallae\nOld Frisian: swale\nNorth Frisian: swaal, swul, swol\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: Swoalke, Swoolke\nWest Frisian: swel\nOld Saxon: swala\nMiddle Low German: swale\nDutch Low Saxon: swaalfe\nGerman Low German: Schwaale\nOld Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa\nMiddle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe\nDutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: swael\nOld High German: swalawa\nMiddle High German: swalwe\nAlemannic German: Schwalme\nSwabian: Schwaba\nCentral Franconian: Schwalleb, Schwallef, Schmallef, Schmollef, Schmorbel, Schmärbel, Schmälwer, Schwalwer, Schwalfter, Schwarbel, Schwawel, Schwaal\nHunsrik: Schwalleb\nLuxembourgish: Schmuewel, Schmuebel, Schmuelef\nGerman: Schwalbe\n→ Dutch: schwalbe\n→ Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)\nVilamovian: śwojmła"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: svale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: svala"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: svala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "swalæ",
"3": "swolæ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "svale",
"3": "sole"
},
"expansion": "Danish: svale, sole",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: svale, sole"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "såla"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: såla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: såla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "svale"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: svale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: svale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "svala"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: svala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: svala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*svālfō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *svālfō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *svālfō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "spálfu"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: spálfu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: spálfu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "солове́й",
"3": "",
"4": "nightingale"
},
"expansion": "Russian солове́й (solovéj, “nightingale”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀλκυών",
"3": "",
"4": "kingfisher"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to Russian солове́й (solovéj, “nightingale”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”), in which case the corresponding PGmc reconstruction would be *swalhwǭ.\nKroonen compares *sūliz (“column, pillar”) and *sūljaną (“to insert a wedge-shaped piece into an incision”), explaining that the gannet and swallow were named for their wedge-shaped tails. In this case, the original form *swoHl-weh₂- would have developed into *swalwǭ by Dybo's law.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swalwōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swalwǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Perching birds"
],
"glosses": [
"swallow (bird)"
],
"links": [
[
"swallow",
"swallow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Dybo's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑl.wɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "swalwǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swalwǭ meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.