"staubijan" meaning in All languages combined

See staubijan on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *staubijaną, a causative verb from which this verb would descend, from *steubaną (“to fume, smoke”). Other etymological sources prefer to reconstruct this verb as a derivation of *stubu (“stove, heating place”) (i.e. *stubōn), possibly from Vulgar Latin *extūfa, *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), from Latin ex- + *tūfus (“hot vapor”), from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”). Perhaps it's a merger of both. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmw-pro|gem-pro|*staubijaną}} Proto-Germanic *staubijaną, {{m|gem-pro|*steubaną|t=to fume, smoke}} *steubaną (“to fume, smoke”), {{m|gmw-pro|*stubu|t=stove, heating place}} *stubu (“stove, heating place”), {{m|gmw-pro|*stubōn}} *stubōn, {{der|gmw-pro|VL.|*extūfa}} Vulgar Latin *extūfa, {{m|la|*extūfāre|t=to heat with steam}} *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), {{der|gmw-pro|la|ex-}} Latin ex-, {{m|la|*tūfus|t=hot vapor}} *tūfus (“hot vapor”), {{der|gmw-pro|grc|τῦφος|t=fever}} Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *staubijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], staubijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], staubijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], staubijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], staubijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], staubiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], staubidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], staubisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], staubidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], staubidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], staubidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], staubiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], staubidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], staubijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], staubidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], staubijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], staubidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], staubijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], staubidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], staubidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], staubidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], staubijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], staubidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], staubijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], staubidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], staubi [class-1, present, singular, weak], staubiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], staubijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], staubid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to make steam Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-4tmlWu~u
  2. to stew, boil Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-TICR9e8S
  3. to bathe in hot water Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-whczdpUe
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: steuban
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: From *staub (“dust”) + *-jan. See *stubbju. Etymology templates: {{affix|gmw-pro|*staub|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=dust}} *staub (“dust”) + *-jan, {{m|gmw-pro|*stubbju}} *stubbju Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *staubijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], staubijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], staubijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], staubijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], staubijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], staubiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], staubidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], staubisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], staubidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], staubidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], staubidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], staubiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], staubidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], staubijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], staubidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], staubijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], staubidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], staubijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], staubidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], staubijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], staubidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], staubijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], staubidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], staubijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], staubidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], staubijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], staubidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], staubi [class-1, present, singular, weak], staubiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], staubijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], staubid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to sprinkle Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-gmw_pro:sprinkle Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 9 9 23 50 9 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 6 6 14 67 6
  2. to cover with dust Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-hs~x61F9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: stubbju
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for staubijan meaning in All languages combined (13.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*stōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *stōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *stōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "stōven",
            "3": "stöven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: stōven, stöven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: stōven, stöven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*stōven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *stōven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *stōven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "stôven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: stôven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: stôven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "stoven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: stoven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: stoven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*staubijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *staubijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*steubaną",
        "t": "to fume, smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "*steubaną (“to fume, smoke”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubu",
        "t": "stove, heating place"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubu (“stove, heating place”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubōn"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubōn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*extūfa"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *extūfa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*extūfāre",
        "t": "to heat with steam"
      },
      "expansion": "*extūfāre (“to heat with steam”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ex-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ex-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*tūfus",
        "t": "hot vapor"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūfus (“hot vapor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τῦφος",
        "t": "fever"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *staubijaną, a causative verb from which this verb would descend, from *steubaną (“to fume, smoke”). Other etymological sources prefer to reconstruct this verb as a derivation of *stubu (“stove, heating place”) (i.e. *stubōn), possibly from Vulgar Latin *extūfa, *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), from Latin ex- + *tūfus (“hot vapor”), from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”). Perhaps it's a merger of both.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*staubijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/staubijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "steuban"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to make steam"
      ],
      "id": "en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-4tmlWu~u",
      "links": [
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to stew, boil"
      ],
      "id": "en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-TICR9e8S",
      "links": [
        [
          "stew",
          "stew"
        ],
        [
          "boil",
          "boil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to bathe in hot water"
      ],
      "id": "en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-whczdpUe",
      "links": [
        [
          "bathe",
          "bathe"
        ],
        [
          "hot water",
          "hot water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "staubijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*stōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *stōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *stōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "stöven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: stöven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: stöven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "stouben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: stouben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: stouben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "stäuben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: stäuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: stäuben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "stäuben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: stäuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: stäuben"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*staub",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "dust"
      },
      "expansion": "*staub (“dust”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubbju"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubbju",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *staub (“dust”) + *-jan. See *stubbju.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*staubijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/staubijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stubbju"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 23 50 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 14 67 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sprinkle"
      ],
      "id": "en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-gmw_pro:sprinkle",
      "links": [
        [
          "sprinkle",
          "sprinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "gmw-pro:sprinkle"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cover with dust"
      ],
      "id": "en-staubijan-gmw-pro-verb-hs~x61F9",
      "links": [
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ],
        [
          "dust",
          "dust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "staubijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*stōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *stōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *stōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "stōven",
            "3": "stöven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: stōven, stöven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: stōven, stöven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*stōven"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *stōven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *stōven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "stôven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: stôven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: stôven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "stoven"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: stoven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: stoven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*staubijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *staubijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*steubaną",
        "t": "to fume, smoke"
      },
      "expansion": "*steubaną (“to fume, smoke”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubu",
        "t": "stove, heating place"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubu (“stove, heating place”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubōn"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubōn",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*extūfa"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *extūfa",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*extūfāre",
        "t": "to heat with steam"
      },
      "expansion": "*extūfāre (“to heat with steam”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ex-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ex-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*tūfus",
        "t": "hot vapor"
      },
      "expansion": "*tūfus (“hot vapor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "τῦφος",
        "t": "fever"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *staubijaną, a causative verb from which this verb would descend, from *steubaną (“to fume, smoke”). Other etymological sources prefer to reconstruct this verb as a derivation of *stubu (“stove, heating place”) (i.e. *stubōn), possibly from Vulgar Latin *extūfa, *extūfāre (“to heat with steam”), from Latin ex- + *tūfus (“hot vapor”), from Ancient Greek τῦφος (tûphos, “fever”). Perhaps it's a merger of both.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*staubijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/staubijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "steuban"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Water"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to make steam"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Temperature"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stew, boil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stew",
          "stew"
        ],
        [
          "boil",
          "boil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Hygiene"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bathe in hot water"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bathe",
          "bathe"
        ],
        [
          "hot water",
          "hot water"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "staubijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*stōvian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *stōvian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *stōvian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "stöven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: stöven",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: stöven"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "stouben"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: stouben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: stouben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "stäuben"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: stäuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: stäuben"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "stäuben"
          },
          "expansion": "German: stäuben",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: stäuben"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*staub",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "dust"
      },
      "expansion": "*staub (“dust”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*stubbju"
      },
      "expansion": "*stubbju",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *staub (“dust”) + *-jan. See *stubbju.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staubid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*staubijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/staubijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "stubbju"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sprinkle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sprinkle",
          "sprinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "gmw-pro:sprinkle"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cover with dust"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ],
        [
          "dust",
          "dust"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "staubijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.