See staarabu on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for staarabu meaning in All languages combined (18.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ustaarabu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اِسْتَعْرَبَ",
"4": "",
"5": "to adopt Arab customs"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ع ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "invariable",
"cat2": "indeclinable adjectives",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "staarabu (invariable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"expansion": "staarabu (invariable)",
"name": "sw-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilized, cultivated"
],
"id": "en-staarabu-sw-adj-vAsnPM-2",
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated"
]
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 47 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili verbs in the Arabic conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wise"
],
"id": "en-staarabu-sw-adj-yIrxt5MG",
"links": [
[
"wise",
"wise"
]
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-staarabu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
],
"text": "Audio (Kenya)"
}
],
"word": "staarabu"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اِسْتَعْرَبَ",
"4": "",
"5": "to adopt Arab customs"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ع ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-staarabu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kustaarabu",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -listaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -jastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kastaarabu / positive subject concord + -kastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-istaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-listaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-istaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-pastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -staarabu- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabulo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabucho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuvyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuzo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabupo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabumo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -staarabu)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-postaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-staarabu (infinitive kustaarabu)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 17 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-staarabisha"
},
{
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-staarabika"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be civilized, be polite and well-mannered"
],
"id": "en-staarabu-sw-verb-KDcQTDU7",
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
],
[
"polite",
"polite"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-staarabu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
],
"text": "Audio (Kenya)"
}
],
"word": "staarabu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swahili adjectives",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili indeclinable adjectives",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili terms derived from Arabic",
"Swahili terms derived from the Arabic root ع ر ب",
"Swahili terms with audio links",
"Swahili verbs",
"Swahili verbs in the Arabic conjugation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ustaarabu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اِسْتَعْرَبَ",
"4": "",
"5": "to adopt Arab customs"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ع ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "invariable",
"cat2": "indeclinable adjectives",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "staarabu (invariable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"expansion": "staarabu (invariable)",
"name": "sw-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"civilized, cultivated"
],
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
],
[
"cultivated",
"cultivated"
]
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wise"
],
"links": [
[
"wise",
"wise"
]
],
"tags": [
"invariable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-staarabu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
],
"text": "Audio (Kenya)"
}
],
"word": "staarabu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swahili adjectives",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili indeclinable adjectives",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili terms derived from Arabic",
"Swahili terms derived from the Arabic root ع ر ب",
"Swahili terms with audio links",
"Swahili verbs",
"Swahili verbs in the Arabic conjugation"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-staarabisha"
},
{
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-staarabika"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اِسْتَعْرَبَ",
"4": "",
"5": "to adopt Arab customs"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ع ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba, “to adopt Arab customs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-staarabu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kustaarabu",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "staarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -listaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -staarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -jastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kastaarabu / positive subject concord + -kastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mstaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-istaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-listaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-istaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-pastaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mustaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jistaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -staarabu- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabulo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabucho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuvyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuzo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabuko",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabupo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-staarabumo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -staarabu)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yestaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-postaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mostaarabu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-staarabu (infinitive kustaarabu)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be civilized, be polite and well-mannered"
],
"links": [
[
"civilized",
"civilized"
],
[
"polite",
"polite"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-staarabu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac/Sw-ke-staarabu.flac.ogg",
"tags": [
"Kenya"
],
"text": "Audio (Kenya)"
}
],
"word": "staarabu"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.