See sprawl on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sprawl meaning in All languages combined (19.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spraulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spraulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spreawlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English spreawlian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spreutaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to sprout"
},
"expansion": "*spreutaną (“to sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sper-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "spraweli"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian spraweli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English spraulen, from Old English spreawlian, ultimately through a Proto-Germanic form cognate with *spreutaną (“to sprout”) from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Compare North Frisian spraweli.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sprawl (third-person singular simple present sprawls, present participle sprawling, simple past and past participle sprawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “Baa Baa, Black Sheep”, in The Man Who Would Be King, and Other Stories, Wordsworth Editions, published 1994, page 159",
"text": "There was no special place for him or his little affairs, and he was forbidden to sprawl on sofas and explain his ideas about the manufacture of this world and his hopes for the future. Sprawling was lazy and wore out sofas, and little boys were not expected to talk.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Louise Dickinson Rich, “‘Do You Get Out Very Often?’”, in We Took to the Woods, Down East Enterprises, published 2007, page 314",
"text": "But most of all I like to sit in the dark with all these hearty souls sprawled around me on the floor and hear them talk. I am sorry to say that I can never believe that floor-sprawling is anything but a pose; I have tried it and it is not comfortable but it looks well in the flickering fire-light, and is in good magazine-story tradition.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Thomas S. Spradley, James P. Spradley, chapter 6, in Deaf Like Me, Gallaudet University Press, published 1985, page 64",
"text": "There were pillows on the floor, a few chairs, and four or five students sprawled here and there watching a football game.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sit with the limbs spread out."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-verb-6nmFiHZ4",
"links": [
[
"sit",
"sit"
],
[
"limb",
"limb"
],
[
"spread out",
"spread out"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protjagam se",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "протягам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "arrepapar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozvalit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozvalovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "roztahovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "armen en benen uitspreiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "retkottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "s’affaler"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "escarranchar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "ausspreizen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "grätschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "stravaccarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "pūkoni"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozwalić się"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozsiąść się"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "rozjebać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "esparramar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razválivatʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разва́ливаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvalítʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "развали́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razʺjezžátʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разъезжа́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of legs",
"roman": "razʺjéxatʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разъе́хаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavaliti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "rozvaliť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "natiahnuť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavaliti se"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "despatarrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozvalytysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розвалитися"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkynutysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розкинутися"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozprostertysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розпростертися"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1771, Johann Reinhold Foster, “Birds and Beasts”, in A Voyage to China and the East Indies, volume 2, A Short Account of the Chinese Husbandry, B. White, translation of original by Carl Gustav Ekeberg, page 321",
"text": "The hatched young ones are ſodl to thoſe who breed them up, and theſe try in the following manner whether they are hatched too ſoon or not: they take hold the little ducks by the bill, and their bodies hang down ; if they ſprawl and extend their feet and wings, they are hatched in due time ; but if they have had too much heat, they hang without any ſtruggling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Herman Whitaker, Cross Trails: The Story of One Woman in the North Woods, BiblioBazaar, published 2009, page 116",
"text": "A shrewd blow, it caught him off balance, and after one ineffectual stagger he sprawled backward and lay for a moment staring up in blank surprise",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, James H. Hallas, “Eyes on Metz”, in Squandered Victory: the American First Army at St. Mihiel, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 187",
"text": "German trucks stood along the road, the drivers dead in the seats or sprawled on the ground nearby. […] The woods were dotted with the corpses of German machine gunners still sprawled grotesquely over their weapons, having given their lives to buy time for Group Mihiel’s escape.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Clive Lindsay, “Kilmarnock 1 – 2 St Johnstone”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Bell sprawled full length to turn a Sandaza drive wide of the far post, but Saints had done enough to inflict Killie's first home defeat of the season.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spread out in a disorderly fashion; to straggle."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-verb-R6ilM7uP",
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"straggle",
"straggle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "splay"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Martial arts",
"orig": "en:Martial arts",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Wrestling",
"orig": "en:Wrestling",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To scoot the legs backwards, so as to land on the upper back of an opponent attempting a takedown."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-verb-IR10glX9",
"links": [
[
"wrestling",
"wrestling#Noun"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"scoot",
"scoot"
],
[
"takedown",
"takedown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(wrestling, martial arts) To scoot the legs backwards, so as to land on the upper back of an opponent attempting a takedown."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war",
"wrestling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprǎskvam se",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "разпръсквам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "roztahovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "táhnout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prostírat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "verspreiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "zich uitstrekken"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "rehottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "levitä"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "s’étaler"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "s’étendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "escarranchar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "sich ausbreiten"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "espalhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskídyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раски́дываться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskínutʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раски́нуться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostirátʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "простира́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosterétʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "простере́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjágivatʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растя́гиваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjanútʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растяну́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkydatysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розкидатися"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozprostertysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розпростертися"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 52 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "roztjahtysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розтягтися"
}
],
"word": "sprawl"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "urban sprawl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spraulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spraulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spreawlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English spreawlian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spreutaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to sprout"
},
"expansion": "*spreutaną (“to sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sper-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "spraweli"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian spraweli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English spraulen, from Old English spreawlian, ultimately through a Proto-Germanic form cognate with *spreutaną (“to sprout”) from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Compare North Frisian spraweli.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sprawl (countable and uncountable, plural sprawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Los Angelization"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ungainly sprawling posture."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-noun-Ra2EjFXy",
"links": [
[
"ungainly",
"ungainly"
],
[
"posture",
"posture"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protjagane",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "протягане"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"word": "retkotus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "tolólábak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "tolóláb"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1948 October, Terry B. Augur, “The Dispersal of Cities—A Feasible Program”, in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, volume 4, number 10, Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, →ISSN, page 314",
"text": "He briefly compares the relative merits of providing for that growth by the usual method of urban sprawl and by directing it into suburban satellite communities with the integrity preserved and comes out strongly for the latter method.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1959 August 17, William H. Whye Jr., “A Plan to Save Vanishing U.S. Countryside”, in Life, volume 47, number 7, Time, Inc, →ISSN, page 92",
"text": "Many of our past difficulties in dealing with sprawl come from some very mistaken if widely held assumptions. One is that sprawl is due to too many people and not enough land.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Anthony Flint, The Land: The Battle Over Sprawl and the Future of America, JHU Press, Introduction: Developing America, page 17",
"text": "Getting people to think about the future is difficult. Just ask some of the people who end up being most concerned about sprawl—the millions who move into suburban subdivisions, only to have their dreams of the good life spoiled by maddening traffic and water bans, because millions more moved into the next subdivision over.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A straggling, haphazard growth, especially of housing on the edge of a city."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-noun-KmoAYHsM",
"links": [
[
"straggling",
"straggling"
],
[
"haphazard",
"haphazard"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"housing",
"housing"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"word": "leviäminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wuchern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ausufern"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrastánije",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разраста́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desparramo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Martial arts",
"orig": "en:Martial arts",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Wrestling",
"orig": "en:Wrestling",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 25 41 4 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A defensive technique that is done in response to certain takedown attempts, where one scoots the legs backwards so as to land on the upper back of the opponent."
],
"id": "en-sprawl-en-noun-3Wb0KS8D",
"links": [
[
"wrestling",
"wrestling#Noun"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"takedown",
"takedown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(wrestling, martial arts) A defensive technique that is done in response to certain takedown attempts, where one scoots the legs backwards so as to land on the upper back of the opponent."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war",
"wrestling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "sprawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spraulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spraulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spreawlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English spreawlian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spreutaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to sprout"
},
"expansion": "*spreutaną (“to sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sper-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "spraweli"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian spraweli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English spraulen, from Old English spreawlian, ultimately through a Proto-Germanic form cognate with *spreutaną (“to sprout”) from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Compare North Frisian spraweli.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprawls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sprawled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sprawl (third-person singular simple present sprawls, present participle sprawling, simple past and past participle sprawled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1888, Rudyard Kipling, “Baa Baa, Black Sheep”, in The Man Who Would Be King, and Other Stories, Wordsworth Editions, published 1994, page 159",
"text": "There was no special place for him or his little affairs, and he was forbidden to sprawl on sofas and explain his ideas about the manufacture of this world and his hopes for the future. Sprawling was lazy and wore out sofas, and little boys were not expected to talk.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Louise Dickinson Rich, “‘Do You Get Out Very Often?’”, in We Took to the Woods, Down East Enterprises, published 2007, page 314",
"text": "But most of all I like to sit in the dark with all these hearty souls sprawled around me on the floor and hear them talk. I am sorry to say that I can never believe that floor-sprawling is anything but a pose; I have tried it and it is not comfortable but it looks well in the flickering fire-light, and is in good magazine-story tradition.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1979, Thomas S. Spradley, James P. Spradley, chapter 6, in Deaf Like Me, Gallaudet University Press, published 1985, page 64",
"text": "There were pillows on the floor, a few chairs, and four or five students sprawled here and there watching a football game.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sit with the limbs spread out."
],
"links": [
[
"sit",
"sit"
],
[
"limb",
"limb"
],
[
"spread out",
"spread out"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1771, Johann Reinhold Foster, “Birds and Beasts”, in A Voyage to China and the East Indies, volume 2, A Short Account of the Chinese Husbandry, B. White, translation of original by Carl Gustav Ekeberg, page 321",
"text": "The hatched young ones are ſodl to thoſe who breed them up, and theſe try in the following manner whether they are hatched too ſoon or not: they take hold the little ducks by the bill, and their bodies hang down ; if they ſprawl and extend their feet and wings, they are hatched in due time ; but if they have had too much heat, they hang without any ſtruggling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1914, Herman Whitaker, Cross Trails: The Story of One Woman in the North Woods, BiblioBazaar, published 2009, page 116",
"text": "A shrewd blow, it caught him off balance, and after one ineffectual stagger he sprawled backward and lay for a moment staring up in blank surprise",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, James H. Hallas, “Eyes on Metz”, in Squandered Victory: the American First Army at St. Mihiel, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 187",
"text": "German trucks stood along the road, the drivers dead in the seats or sprawled on the ground nearby. […] The woods were dotted with the corpses of German machine gunners still sprawled grotesquely over their weapons, having given their lives to buy time for Group Mihiel’s escape.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Clive Lindsay, “Kilmarnock 1 – 2 St Johnstone”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Bell sprawled full length to turn a Sandaza drive wide of the far post, but Saints had done enough to inflict Killie's first home defeat of the season.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spread out in a disorderly fashion; to straggle."
],
"links": [
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"straggle",
"straggle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "splay"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Martial arts",
"en:Wrestling"
],
"glosses": [
"To scoot the legs backwards, so as to land on the upper back of an opponent attempting a takedown."
],
"links": [
[
"wrestling",
"wrestling#Noun"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"scoot",
"scoot"
],
[
"takedown",
"takedown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(wrestling, martial arts) To scoot the legs backwards, so as to land on the upper back of an opponent attempting a takedown."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war",
"wrestling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protjagam se",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "протягам се"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "arrepapar-se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozvalit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozvalovat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "roztahovat se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "armen en benen uitspreiden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "retkottaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "s’affaler"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "escarranchar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "ausspreizen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "grätschen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "stravaccarsi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "pūkoni"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozwalić się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozsiąść się"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"vulgar"
],
"word": "rozjebać się"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "esparramar-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razválivatʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разва́ливаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razvalítʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "развали́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razʺjezžátʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разъезжа́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "of legs",
"roman": "razʺjéxatʹsja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разъе́хаться"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavaliti se"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "rozvaliť sa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "natiahnuť sa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zavaliti se"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "despatarrar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozvalytysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розвалитися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkynutysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розкинутися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozprostertysja",
"sense": "to sit with limbs spread out",
"word": "розпростертися"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razprǎskvam se",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "разпръсквам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "roztahovat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "táhnout se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "prostírat se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "verspreiden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "zich uitstrekken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "rehottaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "levitä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "s’étaler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "s’étendre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "escarranchar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "sich ausbreiten"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "espalhar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskídyvatʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раски́дываться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskínutʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "раски́нуться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prostirátʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "простира́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosterétʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "простере́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjágivatʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "растя́гиваться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rastjanútʹsja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "растяну́ться"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkydatysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розкидатися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozprostertysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розпростертися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "roztjahtysja",
"sense": "to spread out in disorderly fashion",
"word": "розтягтися"
}
],
"word": "sprawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːl/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "urban sprawl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spraulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spraulen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "spreawlian"
},
"expansion": "Old English spreawlian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spreutaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to sprout"
},
"expansion": "*spreutaną (“to sprout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sper-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "spraweli"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian spraweli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English spraulen, from Old English spreawlian, ultimately through a Proto-Germanic form cognate with *spreutaną (“to sprout”) from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”). Compare North Frisian spraweli.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "sprawl (countable and uncountable, plural sprawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Los Angelization"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An ungainly sprawling posture."
],
"links": [
[
"ungainly",
"ungainly"
],
[
"posture",
"posture"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1948 October, Terry B. Augur, “The Dispersal of Cities—A Feasible Program”, in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, volume 4, number 10, Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, →ISSN, page 314",
"text": "He briefly compares the relative merits of providing for that growth by the usual method of urban sprawl and by directing it into suburban satellite communities with the integrity preserved and comes out strongly for the latter method.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1959 August 17, William H. Whye Jr., “A Plan to Save Vanishing U.S. Countryside”, in Life, volume 47, number 7, Time, Inc, →ISSN, page 92",
"text": "Many of our past difficulties in dealing with sprawl come from some very mistaken if widely held assumptions. One is that sprawl is due to too many people and not enough land.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Anthony Flint, The Land: The Battle Over Sprawl and the Future of America, JHU Press, Introduction: Developing America, page 17",
"text": "Getting people to think about the future is difficult. Just ask some of the people who end up being most concerned about sprawl—the millions who move into suburban subdivisions, only to have their dreams of the good life spoiled by maddening traffic and water bans, because millions more moved into the next subdivision over.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A straggling, haphazard growth, especially of housing on the edge of a city."
],
"links": [
[
"straggling",
"straggling"
],
[
"haphazard",
"haphazard"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"housing",
"housing"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Martial arts",
"en:Wrestling"
],
"glosses": [
"A defensive technique that is done in response to certain takedown attempts, where one scoots the legs backwards so as to land on the upper back of the opponent."
],
"links": [
[
"wrestling",
"wrestling#Noun"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"takedown",
"takedown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(wrestling, martial arts) A defensive technique that is done in response to certain takedown attempts, where one scoots the legs backwards so as to land on the upper back of the opponent."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war",
"wrestling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔːl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːl"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɔl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹɑl/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-sprawl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "protjagane",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "протягане"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"word": "retkotus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "tolólábak"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ungainly sprawling posture",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "tolóláb"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"word": "leviäminen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wuchern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ausufern"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrastánije",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разраста́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "haphazard growth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desparramo"
}
],
"word": "sprawl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.