"spekulować" meaning in All languages combined

See spekulować on Wiktionary

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /spɛ.kuˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -ɔvat͡ɕ Etymology: Borrowed from Latin speculor + -ować. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|pl|la|speculor|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin speculor, {{bor+|pl|la|speculor}} Borrowed from Latin speculor, {{af|pl|-ować}} -ować Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} spekulować impf Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-uję|spekul}}, {{pl-conj-ai|spekulować|spekuluję|spekuluje|spekulują|spekulowa|spekulowa|spekulowa|spekuluj|ip=spekulowano|pp=|pp2=|vn=spekulowanie}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], spekulować [infinitive], spekuluję [present, singular], spekulujemy [plural, present], spekulujesz [present, singular], spekulujecie [plural, present], spekuluje [present, singular, third-person], spekulują [plural, present, third-person], spekuluje się [impersonal, present], spekulowałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m spekulował [masculine, past, singular], spekulowałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m spekulowała [feminine, past, singular], spekulowałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m spekulowało [neuter, past, singular], spekulowaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy spekulowali [past, plural, virile], spekulowałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy spekulowały [nonvirile, past, plural], spekulowałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś spekulował [masculine, past, singular], spekulowałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś spekulowała [feminine, past, singular], spekulowałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś spekulowało [neuter, past, singular], spekulowaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście spekulowali [past, plural, virile], spekulowałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście spekulowały [nonvirile, past, plural], spekulował [masculine, past, singular, third-person], spekulowała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], spekulowało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], spekulowali [past, plural, third-person, virile], spekulowały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], spekulowano [impersonal, past], będę spekulował [future, masculine, singular], będę spekulować [future, masculine, singular], będę spekulowała [feminine, future, singular], będę spekulować [feminine, future, singular], będę spekulowało [future, neuter, singular], będę spekulować [future, neuter, singular], będziemy spekulowali [future, plural, virile], będziemy spekulować [future, plural, virile], będziemy spekulowały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy spekulować [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz spekulował [future, masculine, singular], będziesz spekulować [future, masculine, singular], będziesz spekulowała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz spekulować [feminine, future, singular], będziesz spekulowało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz spekulować [future, neuter, singular], będziecie spekulowali [future, plural, virile], będziecie spekulować [future, plural, virile], będziecie spekulowały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie spekulować [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie spekulował [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie spekulować [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie spekulowała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie spekulować [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie spekulowało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie spekulować [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą spekulowali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą spekulować [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą spekulowały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą spekulować [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie spekulować się [future, impersonal], spekulowałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym spekulował [conditional, masculine, singular], spekulowałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym spekulowała [conditional, feminine, singular], spekulowałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym spekulowało [conditional, neuter, singular], spekulowalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy spekulowali [conditional, plural, virile], spekulowałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy spekulowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], spekulowałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś spekulował [conditional, masculine, singular], spekulowałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś spekulowała [conditional, feminine, singular], spekulowałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś spekulowało [conditional, neuter, singular], spekulowalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście spekulowali [conditional, plural, virile], spekulowałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście spekulowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], spekulowałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by spekulował [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], spekulowałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by spekulowała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], spekulowałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by spekulowało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], spekulowaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by spekulowali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], spekulowałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by spekulowały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], spekulowano by [conditional, impersonal], niech spekuluję [imperative, singular], spekulujmy [imperative, plural], spekuluj [imperative, singular], spekulujcie [imperative, plural], niech spekuluje [imperative, singular, third-person], niech spekulują [imperative, plural, third-person], spekulujący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], spekulująca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], spekulujące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], spekulujący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], spekulujące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], spekulując [adjectival, contemporary, participle], spekulowanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive, derogatory, finance) to speculate (to make an inference based on inconclusive evidence) Tags: derogatory, imperfective, intransitive Categories (topical): Finance
    Sense id: en-spekulować-pl-verb-T2gRUrUl Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -ować Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 49 51 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -ować: 52 48 Topics: business, finance
  2. (intransitive) to speculate (to make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit) Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-spekulować-pl-verb-9imNCLiA Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -ować Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 49 51 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -ować: 52 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: spekulacyjny, spekulancki, spekulacyjnie, spekulacja, spekulacyjka, spekulanctwo, spekulant, spekulantka

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for spekulować meaning in All languages combined (14.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "speculor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin speculor",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "speculor"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin speculor",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "-ować"
      },
      "expansion": "-ować",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin speculor + -ować.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekuluję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekuluje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekulują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "spekulować impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spe‧ku‧lo‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spekul"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spekulować",
        "2": "spekuluję",
        "3": "spekuluje",
        "4": "spekulują",
        "5": "spekulowa",
        "6": "spekulowa",
        "7": "spekulowa",
        "8": "spekuluj",
        "ip": "spekulowano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "spekulowanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulacyjny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulancki"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulacyjnie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulacja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulacyjka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulanctwo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulant"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "spekulantka"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Finance",
          "orig": "pl:Finance",
          "parents": [
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speculate (to make an inference based on inconclusive evidence)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spekulować-pl-verb-T2gRUrUl",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "finance",
          "finance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "speculate",
          "speculate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, derogatory, finance) to speculate (to make an inference based on inconclusive evidence)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "finance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speculate (to make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spekulować-pl-verb-9imNCLiA",
      "links": [
        [
          "speculate",
          "speculate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to speculate (to make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɛ.kuˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spekulować"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 4-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Polish terms derived from Latin",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "speculor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin speculor",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "speculor"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin speculor",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "-ować"
      },
      "expansion": "-ować",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin speculor + -ować.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą spekulować",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie spekulować się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulował",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spekulowały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekuluję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekuluj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekuluje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spekulują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spekulowanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "spekulować impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spe‧ku‧lo‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spekul"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spekulować",
        "2": "spekuluję",
        "3": "spekuluje",
        "4": "spekulują",
        "5": "spekulowa",
        "6": "spekulowa",
        "7": "spekulowa",
        "8": "spekuluj",
        "ip": "spekulowano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "spekulowanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "spekulacyjny"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulancki"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulacyjnie"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulacja"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulacyjka"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulanctwo"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulant"
    },
    {
      "word": "spekulantka"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish derogatory terms",
        "Polish intransitive verbs",
        "pl:Finance"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speculate (to make an inference based on inconclusive evidence)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "finance",
          "finance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "speculate",
          "speculate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, derogatory, finance) to speculate (to make an inference based on inconclusive evidence)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "finance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to speculate (to make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speculate",
          "speculate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to speculate (to make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/spɛ.kuˈlɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spekulować"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.