See specus on Wiktionary
{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually viewed as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-, although De Vaan is doubtful of this etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
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"source": "declension",
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},
{
"form": "specus",
"source": "declension",
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{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "specuum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specuī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "specūs",
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"g1": "m",
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"name": "la-noun"
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"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 20 22 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 25 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 22 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So come here approaching,\nproceed to leave the Aonian\ncaves of the Thespian rock,\nwhich the cooling nymph Aganippe\nshowers from above.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 61.26–30",
"roman": "frīgerāns Aganippe.",
"text": "Quārē age hūc aditum ferēns\nperge linquere Thespiae\nrūpis Āoniōs specūs,\nnympha quōs super irrigat"
},
{
"english": "hated god, relieved the Earth and the heavens by hiding.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 7.568–571",
"roman": "opens its pestilential jaws, in which Erinys,",
"text": "Hīc specus horrendum et saevī spīracula Dītis\nmōnstrantur, ruptōque ingēns Acherōnte vorāgō\npestiferās aperit faucēs, quīs condita Erīnȳs,\ninvīsum nūmen, terrās caelumque levābat.\nHere the horrible cave and the breathing hole of the cruel Dis\nis shown, and a giant whirlpool, with the Acheron burst forth,"
},
{
"english": "The old writers said specus in the feminine gender, as they did metus and nepos; […] Pacuvius in Chryses: 'There's a huge cave paved with sand deep within under that rock.'",
"ref": "1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 343, line 28:",
"text": "Specūs fēminīnō genere prōnūntiābant antīquī, ut metus et nepos;[…] Pācuvius in Chrȳsē: 'Est ibi sub eō saxō penitus strāta harēnā ingēns specus.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cave, grotto"
],
"id": "en-specus-la-noun-BCmL2r4j",
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
]
],
"tags": [
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"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 20 22 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 25 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 22 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But while building in Baiae he burned with such an enthusiasm that he allowed the architect to spend money as if his own, if he would run canals from the ponds, with the boulder thrown away in the sea, so that the tide could enter and exit back into the sea twice a day from the appareance of the moon until the next new moon and cool the ponds.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 3.17.9",
"text": "In Baiānō autem aedificāns tantā ardēbat cūrā, ut architectō permīserit vel ut suam pecūniam consūmeret, dummodo perdūceret specūs ē piscīnīs in mare obiectā mōle, quā aestus bis cotīdiē ab exortā lūnā ad proximam novam introīre ac redīre rūrsus in mare posset ac refrīgerāre piscīnās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"ditch, canal, drain"
],
"id": "en-specus-la-noun-f7hMOnc0",
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
],
[
"drain",
"drain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "la:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 22 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 25 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 22 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pit"
],
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"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) pit"
],
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"feminine",
"masculine",
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"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 25 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 22 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chasm, abyss"
],
"id": "en-specus-la-noun-zJMZD1OY",
"links": [
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"tags": [
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"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 21 11 11 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 22 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 25 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 22 18 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 24 15 34",
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"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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{
"_dis": "6 15 11 5 64",
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{
"_dis": "16 9 7 7 61",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
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"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
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"Lemmas"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] the cavity of the dark wound gives back a foaming\nflow, and the iron grows warm inside the punctured lung.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 9.700–701",
"roman": "spūmantem, et fīxō ferrum in pulmōne tepēscit.",
"text": "[…] reddit specus ātri vulneris undam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cavity"
],
"id": "en-specus-la-noun-MetctGcA",
"links": [
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) cavity"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "specum"
}
],
"word": "specus"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin fourth declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the fourth declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Landforms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually viewed as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-, although De Vaan is doubtful of this etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specūs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
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"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
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]
},
{
"form": "specus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specuum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specuī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "specubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "specus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "specūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
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"g1": "m",
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"name": "la-noun"
}
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"args": {
"1": "specus<4.ubus>"
},
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "So come here approaching,\nproceed to leave the Aonian\ncaves of the Thespian rock,\nwhich the cooling nymph Aganippe\nshowers from above.",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 61.26–30",
"roman": "frīgerāns Aganippe.",
"text": "Quārē age hūc aditum ferēns\nperge linquere Thespiae\nrūpis Āoniōs specūs,\nnympha quōs super irrigat"
},
{
"english": "hated god, relieved the Earth and the heavens by hiding.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 7.568–571",
"roman": "opens its pestilential jaws, in which Erinys,",
"text": "Hīc specus horrendum et saevī spīracula Dītis\nmōnstrantur, ruptōque ingēns Acherōnte vorāgō\npestiferās aperit faucēs, quīs condita Erīnȳs,\ninvīsum nūmen, terrās caelumque levābat.\nHere the horrible cave and the breathing hole of the cruel Dis\nis shown, and a giant whirlpool, with the Acheron burst forth,"
},
{
"english": "The old writers said specus in the feminine gender, as they did metus and nepos; […] Pacuvius in Chryses: 'There's a huge cave paved with sand deep within under that rock.'",
"ref": "1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 343, line 28:",
"text": "Specūs fēminīnō genere prōnūntiābant antīquī, ut metus et nepos;[…] Pācuvius in Chrȳsē: 'Est ibi sub eō saxō penitus strāta harēnā ingēns specus.'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cave, grotto"
],
"links": [
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"grotto",
"grotto"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But while building in Baiae he burned with such an enthusiasm that he allowed the architect to spend money as if his own, if he would run canals from the ponds, with the boulder thrown away in the sea, so that the tide could enter and exit back into the sea twice a day from the appareance of the moon until the next new moon and cool the ponds.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 3.17.9",
"text": "In Baiānō autem aedificāns tantā ardēbat cūrā, ut architectō permīserit vel ut suam pecūniam consūmeret, dummodo perdūceret specūs ē piscīnīs in mare obiectā mōle, quā aestus bis cotīdiē ab exortā lūnā ad proximam novam introīre ac redīre rūrsus in mare posset ac refrīgerāre piscīnās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"ditch, canal, drain"
],
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
],
[
"drain",
"drain"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"pit"
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) pit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chasm, abyss"
],
"links": [
[
"chasm",
"chasm"
],
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] the cavity of the dark wound gives back a foaming\nflow, and the iron grows warm inside the punctured lung.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 9.700–701",
"roman": "spūmantem, et fīxō ferrum in pulmōne tepēscit.",
"text": "[…] reddit specus ātri vulneris undam"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cavity"
],
"links": [
[
"cavity",
"cavity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) cavity"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "specum"
}
],
"word": "specus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for specus meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.