See specialize on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "generalize"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "specialisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "specialist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "specialty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "speciality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subspecialist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subspecialize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subspecialty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subspeciality"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "special",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "special + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From special + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specializes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "specializing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "specialized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "specialized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "specialize (third-person singular simple present specializes, present participle specializing, simple past and past participle specialized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spe‧cial‧ize"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 7 22 22 7 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613, George Wither, “The Scourge”, in Juvenilia, page 334:",
"text": "Firſt laſh the Great-ones ; but, if thou be wiſe, / In generall, and doe not ſpeciallize : / Yet, if thou doe, ſo wiſely let it be, / None may except but thoſe that faulty be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To go into specific details."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-6wXbpXKc",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"go into",
"go into"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(obsolete, intransitive) To go into specific details."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 7 22 22 7 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1616, Richard Sheldon, A Survey of the Miracles of the Church of Rome, Proving Them to be Antichristian, section 261:",
"text": "Our Sauiour specialising and nominating the places in which these false prophets should teach his presence to be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To specify: to mention specifically."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-6uXxUqig",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"specify",
"specify"
],
[
"mention",
"mention"
],
[
"specifically",
"specifically"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(rare, transitive) To specify: to mention specifically."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"rare",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especialitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "eritellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "spécialiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aḳonḳreṭebs",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "აკონკრეტებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "asṗecipicirebs",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "ასპეციფიცირებს"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "spezialisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "specializzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 53 5 6 10 7 5 9 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1628, John Earle, Micro-Cosmography: Or, A Piece of the World Characterized, Salisbury: E. Easton, published 1786, page 121:",
"text": "He is at moſt a confuſed and wild Chriſtian, not ſpecialized by any form, but capable of all.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To narrow in scope."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-6ulJVtl~",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"scope",
"scope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(uncommon, transitive) To narrow in scope."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 11 24 14 12 9 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 10 23 11 9 9 9 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 10 6 52 13 4 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Oxford spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 8 28 12 13 7 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 7 44 9 6 6 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 26 13 8 8 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 26 13 8 8 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 7 24 17 9 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 16 8 8 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 12 23 16 8 7 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 6 38 13 6 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 9 24 11 9 9 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 16 8 8 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 9 24 11 10 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 16 8 8 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 7 23 18 8 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 8 28 13 8 8 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 7 22 22 7 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 14 21 14 10 9 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 8 32 10 8 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 24 16 8 8 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 12 18 15 10 10 10 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 15 8 8 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 9 8 32 10 8 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 8 34 10 8 7 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 15 8 8 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 8 25 16 8 8 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1835 October, “On the Structure and Functions of the Organs of Respiration”, in West of England Journal, volume I, number IV, page 218:",
"text": "In the lowest orders of being, we find these functions very much blended together, and several of them apparently performed by one simple apparatus ; but in proportion as we rise in the scale, we perceive that they are specialized, or separated from each other, and that a complicated set of organs is appropriated to each of them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911 September, Laura Clarke Rockwood, “Food Preparation and Its Relation to the Development of Efficient Personality in the Home”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume LXXIX, pages 281–2:",
"text": "Those who insist that a woman’s place is at home by divine decree need only to study the life of primitive man to find out how very human are some of our domestic customs, for they will then see this distinction, that while nature has specialized woman for child-bearing, it is society which has specialized her for housework.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To make distinct or separate due to form or function."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-DNz9XwFi",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(biology, transitive) To make distinct or separate due to form or function."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisposobjavam se",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"word": "приспособявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"word": "erikoistua"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "spesialisoitua"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "erikoistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "specjalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 11 35 11 6 8 6 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyspecjalizować"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 7 22 22 7 7 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881 March 1, “Occasional Notes”, in Journal of Education (new), number 37, page 51:",
"text": "Also, to their honour be it said, they will not allow their scholars to specialize, and, with four hours of mathematics a week, even a Newton would not go up to Cambridge knowing much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To focus one's study upon a particular skill, field, topic, or genre."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-Flo9VNgo",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"focus",
"focus"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"topic",
"topic"
],
[
"genre",
"genre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"To focus one's study upon a particular skill, field, topic, or genre."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 March 27, Pall Mall Gazette, 12/3:",
"text": "Firms... which have specialised in the manufacture of ‘heavies’...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, House of Cards, season 1, episode 1:",
"text": "Blackhead: I might look you up myself one of these days. Do you specialise at all, like?\nPenny Guy: Yeah. Verbal abuse and colonic irrigation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To focus one's business upon a particular item or service."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-pdeBEggK",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"focus",
"focus"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"item",
"item"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"To focus one's business upon a particular item or service."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1923 November 14, Evening Independent, Massillon, Ohio, 5/3:",
"text": "Watson specializes in adiposeness; none of his chorus beauties may be considered featherweights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To be known or notorious for some specialty."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-8OLjxFIE",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"known",
"known"
],
[
"notorious",
"notorious"
],
[
"some",
"some"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(usually derogatory) To be known or notorious for some specialty."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"derogatory",
"intransitive",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "spjecyjalizavácʹ",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "спецыялізава́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specializiram",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "специализирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especialitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializovat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialisere"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialiseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "erikoistua"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "spécialiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sṗecializirdeba",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "სპეციალიზირდება"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"alt": "Hithmaqtze`a",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "התמקצע"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializál"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializēt"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "specjalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyspecjalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializírovatʹ",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "специализи́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialisera"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 4 4 4 9 8 36 4 25",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "specializuváty",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "спеціалізува́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, Asa Gray, “Of the General Morphology of the Plant”, in The Botanical Text-Book, 4th edition, New York: George P. Putnam & Co., published 1853, page 69:",
"text": "These cells specialized for propagation, however they may originate, are accordingly distinguished by a special name, that of Spores of Sporules.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly"
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-LFS8KQZA",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1981 April 11, Andrea L. Loewenstein, “Voices in the Night”, in Gay Community News, page 17:",
"text": "\"Kia, Honey, you got to help him to it,\" Bell Norton told the 16 year old girl she was \"specializing\" as part of the hospital's intensive care program for high risk babies and mothers.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To train (someone) in a specialty."
],
"id": "en-specialize-en-verb-2VlXWVGz",
"links": [
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To train (someone) in a specialty."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-specialize.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-specialize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-specialize.wav.mp3",
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "non-Oxford British English",
"word": "specialise"
}
],
"word": "specialize"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "generalize"
}
],
"categories": [
"American English forms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Oxford spellings",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "specialisation"
},
{
"word": "specialization"
},
{
"word": "specialist"
},
{
"word": "specialty"
},
{
"word": "speciality"
},
{
"word": "subspecialist"
},
{
"word": "subspecialize"
},
{
"word": "subspecialty"
},
{
"word": "subspeciality"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "special",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "special + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From special + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "specializes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "specializing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "specialized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "specialized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "specialize (third-person singular simple present specializes, present participle specializing, simple past and past participle specialized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"spe‧cial‧ize"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613, George Wither, “The Scourge”, in Juvenilia, page 334:",
"text": "Firſt laſh the Great-ones ; but, if thou be wiſe, / In generall, and doe not ſpeciallize : / Yet, if thou doe, ſo wiſely let it be, / None may except but thoſe that faulty be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To go into specific details."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"go into",
"go into"
],
[
"specific",
"specific"
],
[
"detail",
"detail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(obsolete, intransitive) To go into specific details."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1616, Richard Sheldon, A Survey of the Miracles of the Church of Rome, Proving Them to be Antichristian, section 261:",
"text": "Our Sauiour specialising and nominating the places in which these false prophets should teach his presence to be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To specify: to mention specifically."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"specify",
"specify"
],
[
"mention",
"mention"
],
[
"specifically",
"specifically"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(rare, transitive) To specify: to mention specifically."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1628, John Earle, Micro-Cosmography: Or, A Piece of the World Characterized, Salisbury: E. Easton, published 1786, page 121:",
"text": "He is at moſt a confuſed and wild Chriſtian, not ſpecialized by any form, but capable of all.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To narrow in scope."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"narrow",
"narrow"
],
[
"scope",
"scope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(uncommon, transitive) To narrow in scope."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1835 October, “On the Structure and Functions of the Organs of Respiration”, in West of England Journal, volume I, number IV, page 218:",
"text": "In the lowest orders of being, we find these functions very much blended together, and several of them apparently performed by one simple apparatus ; but in proportion as we rise in the scale, we perceive that they are specialized, or separated from each other, and that a complicated set of organs is appropriated to each of them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911 September, Laura Clarke Rockwood, “Food Preparation and Its Relation to the Development of Efficient Personality in the Home”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume LXXIX, pages 281–2:",
"text": "Those who insist that a woman’s place is at home by divine decree need only to study the life of primitive man to find out how very human are some of our domestic customs, for they will then see this distinction, that while nature has specialized woman for child-bearing, it is society which has specialized her for housework.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common",
"To make distinct or separate due to form or function."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To make distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(biology, transitive) To make distinct or separate due to form or function."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1881 March 1, “Occasional Notes”, in Journal of Education (new), number 37, page 51:",
"text": "Also, to their honour be it said, they will not allow their scholars to specialize, and, with four hours of mathematics a week, even a Newton would not go up to Cambridge knowing much.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To focus one's study upon a particular skill, field, topic, or genre."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"focus",
"focus"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"field",
"field"
],
[
"topic",
"topic"
],
[
"genre",
"genre"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"To focus one's study upon a particular skill, field, topic, or genre."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 March 27, Pall Mall Gazette, 12/3:",
"text": "Firms... which have specialised in the manufacture of ‘heavies’...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1990, House of Cards, season 1, episode 1:",
"text": "Blackhead: I might look you up myself one of these days. Do you specialise at all, like?\nPenny Guy: Yeah. Verbal abuse and colonic irrigation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To focus one's business upon a particular item or service."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"focus",
"focus"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"item",
"item"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"To focus one's business upon a particular item or service."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1923 November 14, Evening Independent, Massillon, Ohio, 5/3:",
"text": "Watson specializes in adiposeness; none of his chorus beauties may be considered featherweights.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common",
"To be known or notorious for some specialty."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"known",
"known"
],
[
"notorious",
"notorious"
],
[
"some",
"some"
],
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:",
"(usually derogatory) To be known or notorious for some specialty."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"derogatory",
"intransitive",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, Asa Gray, “Of the General Morphology of the Plant”, in The Botanical Text-Book, 4th edition, New York: George P. Putnam & Co., published 1853, page 69:",
"text": "These cells specialized for propagation, however they may originate, are accordingly distinguished by a special name, that of Spores of Sporules.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly"
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"distinct",
"distinct"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become distinct or separate from what is common, particularly:"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1981 April 11, Andrea L. Loewenstein, “Voices in the Night”, in Gay Community News, page 17:",
"text": "\"Kia, Honey, you got to help him to it,\" Bell Norton told the 16 year old girl she was \"specializing\" as part of the hospital's intensive care program for high risk babies and mothers.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To train (someone) in a specialty."
],
"links": [
[
"specialty",
"specialty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To train (someone) in a specialty."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"English",
"Oxford",
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-specialize.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-specialize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-specialize.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "non-Oxford British English",
"word": "specialise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especialitzar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "eritellä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "spécialiser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "aḳonḳreṭebs",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "აკონკრეტებს"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "asṗecipicirebs",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "ასპეციფიცირებს"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "spezialisieren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "specializzare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to mention specially; to particularize",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "spjecyjalizavácʹ",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "спецыялізава́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "specializiram",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "специализирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especialitzar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializovat se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialisere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialiseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "erikoistua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "spécialiser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sṗecializirdeba",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "სპეციალიზირდება"
},
{
"alt": "Hithmaqtze`a",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "התמקצע"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializál"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specializēt"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "specjalizować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyspecjalizować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "specializírovatʹ",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "специализи́ровать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "especializarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"word": "specialisera"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "specializuváty",
"sense": "to apply to some specialty or limited object",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "спеціалізува́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisposobjavam se",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"word": "приспособявам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"word": "erikoistua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"word": "spesialisoitua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "erikoistaa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "specjalizować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "biology: to supply with an organ or organs having a special function or functions",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyspecjalizować"
}
],
"word": "specialize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for specialize meaning in All languages combined (16.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To become distinct or separate'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"specialize"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "specialize",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.