See skūmaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūm\nOld Frisian: *skūm\nSaterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum\nWest Frisian: skûm, skom\nOld Saxon: *skūm\nMiddle Low German: schûm\nGerman Low German: Schuum\nOld Dutch: *scūm\nMiddle Dutch: schuum\nDutch: schuim\nAfrikaans: skuim\n→ Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)\nScots: skum, skoom\nEnglish: scum\nOld High German: skūm, scūm\nMiddle High German: schūm\nGerman: Schaum\n→ Esperanto: ŝaŭmo\nLuxembourgish: Schaum\n→ Vulgar Latin: *scūma\nOld French: escume\nMiddle French: escume, écume\nFrench: écume\nMedieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūm\nOld Frisian: *skūm\nSaterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum\nWest Frisian: skûm, skom\nOld Saxon: *skūm\nMiddle Low German: schûm\nGerman Low German: Schuum\nOld Dutch: *scūm\nMiddle Dutch: schuum\nDutch: schuim\nAfrikaans: skuim\n→ Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)\nScots: skum, skoom\nEnglish: scum\nOld High German: skūm, scūm\nMiddle High German: schūm\nGerman: Schaum\n→ Esperanto: ŝaŭmo\nLuxembourgish: Schaum\n→ Vulgar Latin: *scūma\nOld French: escume\nMiddle French: escume, écume\nFrench: écume\nMedieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skúmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *skúmr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *skúmr; *skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skúm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skúm"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skum",
"alt": "skūm"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skūm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skūm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, mask, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 20 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 19 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"film; grime; scum"
],
"id": "en-skūmaz-gem-pro-noun-N~v3wpIg",
"links": [
[
"film",
"film"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foam; froth"
],
"id": "en-skūmaz-gem-pro-noun-UfAggp-C",
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
],
[
"froth",
"froth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"yeast"
],
"id": "en-skūmaz-gem-pro-noun-50K3eFHW",
"links": [
[
"yeast",
"yeast"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.mɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "faimaz"
}
],
"word": "skūmaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skūm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūm\nOld Frisian: *skūm\nSaterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum\nWest Frisian: skûm, skom\nOld Saxon: *skūm\nMiddle Low German: schûm\nGerman Low German: Schuum\nOld Dutch: *scūm\nMiddle Dutch: schuum\nDutch: schuim\nAfrikaans: skuim\n→ Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)\nScots: skum, skoom\nEnglish: scum\nOld High German: skūm, scūm\nMiddle High German: schūm\nGerman: Schaum\n→ Esperanto: ŝaŭmo\nLuxembourgish: Schaum\n→ Vulgar Latin: *scūma\nOld French: escume\nMiddle French: escume, écume\nFrench: écume\nMedieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skūm\nOld Frisian: *skūm\nSaterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum\nWest Frisian: skûm, skom\nOld Saxon: *skūm\nMiddle Low German: schûm\nGerman Low German: Schuum\nOld Dutch: *scūm\nMiddle Dutch: schuum\nDutch: schuim\nAfrikaans: skuim\n→ Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)\nScots: skum, skoom\nEnglish: scum\nOld High German: skūm, scūm\nMiddle High German: schūm\nGerman: Schaum\n→ Esperanto: ŝaŭmo\nLuxembourgish: Schaum\n→ Vulgar Latin: *scūma\nOld French: escume\nMiddle French: escume, écume\nFrench: écume\nMedieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*skúmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *skúmr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *skúmr; *skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skúm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: skúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "skúm"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: skúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: skúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: skum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skum",
"alt": "skūm"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: skūm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: skūm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: skum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skum"
},
"expansion": "Danish: skum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: skum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, mask, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skūmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skūmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"film; grime; scum"
],
"links": [
[
"film",
"film"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foam; froth"
],
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
],
[
"froth",
"froth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"yeast"
],
"links": [
[
"yeast",
"yeast"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskuː.mɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "faimaz"
}
],
"word": "skūmaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skūmaz meaning in All languages combined (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.