"scyld" meaning in All languages combined

See scyld on Wiktionary

Noun [Old English]

IPA: /ʃyld/, [ʃyɫd] Forms: sċyld [canonical, masculine]
Etymology: From earlier sċield. Etymology templates: {{m|ang|sċield}} sċield Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=m|g2=|g3=|head=sċyld|sort=}} sċyld m, {{ang-noun|m|head=sċyld}} sċyld m
  1. Alternative form of sċield Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: sċield
    Sense id: en-scyld-ang-noun-RTcAtN3q Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 42 19 38
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Old English]

IPA: /ʃyld/, [ʃyɫd]
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”). Cognates Cognate with Old Frisian schuld, Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), Old High German sculd (German Schuld), Old Norse skuld. Related to shall, should. Etymology templates: {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}, {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*skuldi||guilt}} Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”), {{cog|ofs|schuld}} Old Frisian schuld, {{cog|osx|skuld||crime, due}} Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), {{cog|goh|sculd}} Old High German sculd, {{cog|de|Schuld}} German Schuld, {{cog|non|skuld}} Old Norse skuld, {{l|en|shall}} shall, {{l|en|should}} should Head templates: {{head|ang|nouns|||||g=f|g2=|g3=|head=sċyld|sort=}} sċyld f, {{ang-noun|f|head=sċyld}} sċyld f Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|sċyld}}, {{ang-decl-noun|sċyld|sċylda,sċylde|sċylde|sċylda,sċylde|sċylde|sċylda|sċylde|sċyldum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: sċyld [canonical, feminine], strong [table-tags], sċyld [nominative, singular], sċylda [nominative, plural], sċylde [nominative, plural], sċylde [accusative, singular], sċylda [accusative, plural], sċylde [accusative, plural], sċylde [genitive, singular], sċylda [genitive, plural], sċylde [dative, singular], sċyldum [dative, plural]
  1. guilt, sin
    Sense id: en-scyld-ang-noun-fAAa4-Ug Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 42 19 38
  2. debt, obligation, liability, due
    Sense id: en-scyld-ang-noun-h6c0MAoZ Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 42 19 38
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gylt
Etymology number: 2 Derived forms: ǣsċyldian (english: to offend), dēaþsċyldiġ (english: condemned to death), dēaþsċyld (english: crime worthy of death) [feminine], ealdres sċyldiġ (english: having forfeited his life: liable, responsible, in debt to), efensċyldiġ (english: equally guilty), feorhsċyldiġ (english: guilty of death), forsċyldiġian (english: to condemn), forsċyldiġod, forsċyldeġod (english: guilty), frumsċyld (english: original sin) [feminine], godsċyldiġ (english: impious), godsċyld (english: sin against God, impiety) [feminine], morþorsċyldiġ (english: guilty of murder), nīedsċyld (english: moral necessity) [feminine], synsċyldiġ (english: wicked), sċyldan (english: to accuse), sċyldfrecu (english: wicked craving) [feminine], sċyldful (english: sinful, guilty), sċyldiġ (english: guilty), sċyldiġnes (english: guilt) [feminine], sċyldlǣta (english: bailiff) [masculine], sċyldlēas (english: guiltless), sċyldwreċċende (english: avenging sin), sċyldwyrcende (english: evil-doing), sċyldwīte (english: fine for a crime of violence) [neuter], sċyldġian, sċyldiġian (english: to sin; place in the position of a criminal, render liable to punishment), sċyldġung (english: sum demanded as wergeld) [feminine], twisċyldiġ (english: liable to a double penalty), þurhsċyldiġ (english: very guilty), þēofsċyldiġ (english: guilty of theft), unsċyldiġ (english: guiltless, innocent, not responsible), unsċyldiġlic (english: excusable), unsċyldiġlīċe (english: innocently), unsċyldiġnes (english: innocence) [feminine], unsċyld (english: innocence) [feminine], unsċyldġung (english: innocence) [feminine], ġesċyld

Download JSON data for scyld meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċield"
      },
      "expansion": "sċield",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier sċield.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċyld",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "sċyld"
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sċield"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 19 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of sċield"
      ],
      "id": "en-scyld-ang-noun-RTcAtN3q",
      "links": [
        [
          "sċield",
          "scield#Old English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃyɫd]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scyld"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unsċyld"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to offend",
      "word": "ǣsċyldian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "condemned to death",
      "word": "dēaþsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "crime worthy of death",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dēaþsċyld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "having forfeited his life: liable, responsible, in debt to",
      "word": "ealdres sċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "equally guilty",
      "word": "efensċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilty of death",
      "word": "feorhsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to condemn",
      "word": "forsċyldiġian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "forsċyldiġod"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilty",
      "word": "forsċyldeġod"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "original sin",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frumsċyld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "impious",
      "word": "godsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sin against God, impiety",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "godsċyld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilty of murder",
      "word": "morþorsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "moral necessity",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nīedsċyld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "wicked",
      "word": "synsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to accuse",
      "word": "sċyldan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "wicked craving",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldfrecu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sinful, guilty",
      "word": "sċyldful"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilty",
      "word": "sċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldiġnes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "bailiff",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldlǣta"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guiltless",
      "word": "sċyldlēas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "avenging sin",
      "word": "sċyldwreċċende"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "evil-doing",
      "word": "sċyldwyrcende"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "fine for a crime of violence",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldwīte"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sċyldġian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to sin; place in the position of a criminal, render liable to punishment",
      "word": "sċyldiġian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "sum demanded as wergeld",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldġung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "liable to a double penalty",
      "word": "twisċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "very guilty",
      "word": "þurhsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guilty of theft",
      "word": "þēofsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "guiltless, innocent, not responsible",
      "word": "unsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "excusable",
      "word": "unsċyldiġlic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "innocently",
      "word": "unsċyldiġlīċe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyldiġnes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyld"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyldġung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ġesċyld"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "shild",
            "3": "schuld",
            "alt": "shīld",
            "alt2": "schüld"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: shīld, schüld",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: shīld, schüld"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skuldi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "schuld"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian schuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "skuld",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crime, due"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "sculd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German sculd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schuld"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skuld"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shall"
      },
      "expansion": "shall",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "should"
      },
      "expansion": "should",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian schuld, Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), Old High German sculd (German Schuld), Old Norse skuld. Related to shall, should.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċyldum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċyld",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "sċyld"
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċyld"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċyld",
        "2": "sċylda,sċylde",
        "3": "sċylde",
        "4": "sċylda,sċylde",
        "5": "sċylde",
        "6": "sċylda",
        "7": "sċylde",
        "8": "sċyldum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 19 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He begged forgiveness for his sins.",
          "text": "Hē bæd his sċylde forġiefnesse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guilt, sin"
      ],
      "id": "en-scyld-ang-noun-fAAa4-Ug",
      "links": [
        [
          "guilt",
          "guilt"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 19 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He forgave the debt against him.",
          "text": "Hē þā sċyld forlēt wiþ hine.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "debt, obligation, liability, due"
      ],
      "id": "en-scyld-ang-noun-h6c0MAoZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "debt",
          "debt"
        ],
        [
          "obligation",
          "obligation"
        ],
        [
          "liability",
          "liability"
        ],
        [
          "due",
          "due"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃyɫd]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gylt"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scyld"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English feminine nouns",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English masculine nouns",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English ō-stem nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "sċield"
      },
      "expansion": "sċield",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier sċield.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċyld",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "sċyld"
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sċield"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of sċield"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sċield",
          "scield#Old English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃyɫd]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scyld"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "unsċyld"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English feminine nouns",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English nouns",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English ō-stem nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to offend",
      "word": "ǣsċyldian"
    },
    {
      "english": "condemned to death",
      "word": "dēaþsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "crime worthy of death",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dēaþsċyld"
    },
    {
      "english": "having forfeited his life: liable, responsible, in debt to",
      "word": "ealdres sċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "equally guilty",
      "word": "efensċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilty of death",
      "word": "feorhsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to condemn",
      "word": "forsċyldiġian"
    },
    {
      "word": "forsċyldiġod"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilty",
      "word": "forsċyldeġod"
    },
    {
      "english": "original sin",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frumsċyld"
    },
    {
      "english": "impious",
      "word": "godsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "sin against God, impiety",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "godsċyld"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilty of murder",
      "word": "morþorsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "moral necessity",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nīedsċyld"
    },
    {
      "english": "wicked",
      "word": "synsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "to accuse",
      "word": "sċyldan"
    },
    {
      "english": "wicked craving",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldfrecu"
    },
    {
      "english": "sinful, guilty",
      "word": "sċyldful"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilty",
      "word": "sċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilt",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldiġnes"
    },
    {
      "english": "bailiff",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldlǣta"
    },
    {
      "english": "guiltless",
      "word": "sċyldlēas"
    },
    {
      "english": "avenging sin",
      "word": "sċyldwreċċende"
    },
    {
      "english": "evil-doing",
      "word": "sċyldwyrcende"
    },
    {
      "english": "fine for a crime of violence",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldwīte"
    },
    {
      "word": "sċyldġian"
    },
    {
      "english": "to sin; place in the position of a criminal, render liable to punishment",
      "word": "sċyldiġian"
    },
    {
      "english": "sum demanded as wergeld",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sċyldġung"
    },
    {
      "english": "liable to a double penalty",
      "word": "twisċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "very guilty",
      "word": "þurhsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "guilty of theft",
      "word": "þēofsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "guiltless, innocent, not responsible",
      "word": "unsċyldiġ"
    },
    {
      "english": "excusable",
      "word": "unsċyldiġlic"
    },
    {
      "english": "innocently",
      "word": "unsċyldiġlīċe"
    },
    {
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyldiġnes"
    },
    {
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyld"
    },
    {
      "english": "innocence",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "unsċyldġung"
    },
    {
      "word": "ġesċyld"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "shild",
            "3": "schuld",
            "alt": "shīld",
            "alt2": "schüld"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: shīld, schüld",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: shīld, schüld"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skuldi",
        "4": "",
        "5": "guilt"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "schuld"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian schuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "skuld",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crime, due"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "sculd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German sculd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Schuld"
      },
      "expansion": "German Schuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skuld"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skuld",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "shall"
      },
      "expansion": "shall",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "should"
      },
      "expansion": "should",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *skuldi (“guilt”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian schuld, Old Saxon skuld (“crime, due”), Old High German sculd (German Schuld), Old Norse skuld. Related to shall, should.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċyld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċylde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sċyldum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sċyld",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "head": "sċyld"
      },
      "expansion": "sċyld f",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċyld"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sċyld",
        "2": "sċylda,sċylde",
        "3": "sċylde",
        "4": "sċylda,sċylde",
        "5": "sċylde",
        "6": "sċylda",
        "7": "sċylde",
        "8": "sċyldum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He begged forgiveness for his sins.",
          "text": "Hē bæd his sċylde forġiefnesse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guilt, sin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guilt",
          "guilt"
        ],
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He forgave the debt against him.",
          "text": "Hē þā sċyld forlēt wiþ hine.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "debt, obligation, liability, due"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "debt",
          "debt"
        ],
        [
          "obligation",
          "obligation"
        ],
        [
          "liability",
          "liability"
        ],
        [
          "due",
          "due"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyld/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃyɫd]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "gylt"
    }
  ],
  "word": "scyld"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.