"schamen" meaning in All languages combined

See schamen on Wiktionary

Verb [Dutch]

Audio: Nl-schamen.ogg
Etymology: From Middle Dutch schāmen, from Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|schāmen}} Middle Dutch schāmen, {{inh|nl|odt|scamon}} Old Dutch scamon, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*skamēn}} Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*skamāną}} Proto-Germanic *skamāną Head templates: {{nl-verb}} schamen Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|schaam|schame}} Forms: weak [table-tags], schamen [infinitive], schamen [gerund, neuter], schaam [first-person, present, singular], schaamde [first-person, past, singular], schaamt [present, second-person, singular], schaam [present, second-person, singular], schaamde [past, second-person, singular], schaamt [formal, present, second-person, singular], schaamde [formal, past, second-person, singular], schaamt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], schaamt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], schaamde [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], schaamde [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], schaamt [present, singular, third-person], schaamde [past, singular, third-person], schamen [plural, present], schaamden [past, plural], schame [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], schaamde [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], schamen [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], schaamden [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], schaam [imperative, present, singular], schaamt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], schamend [participle, present], geschaamd [participle, past]
  1. (reflexive) to be ashamed Tags: reflexive Derived forms: schaamsoort Related terms: schaamte, schamel
    Sense id: en-schamen-nl-verb-5D-Ax48B Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 85 8 7 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 90 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 92 4 4

Verb [Middle Dutch]

Forms: schāmen [canonical]
Etymology: From Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|scamon}} Old Dutch scamon, {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*skamēn}} Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*skamāną}} Proto-Germanic *skamāną Head templates: {{head|dum|verb|head=schāmen|head2=}} schāmen, {{dum-verb|head=schāmen}} schāmen
  1. (reflexive or intransitive) to be ashamed Tags: intransitive, reflexive
    Sense id: en-schamen-dum-verb-5D-Ax48B
  2. (reflexive or intransitive) to be shy Tags: intransitive, reflexive
    Sense id: en-schamen-dum-verb-Uztd~ONR

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "skam"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: skam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: skam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "skaam"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: skaam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: skaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "schāmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch schāmen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "scamon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch scamon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skamēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skamēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skamāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skamāną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch schāmen, from Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geschaamd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "schamen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "schaam",
        "2": "schame"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "schaamsoort"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be ashamed"
      ],
      "id": "en-schamen-nl-verb-5D-Ax48B",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "ashamed",
          "ashamed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to be ashamed"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "schaamte"
        },
        {
          "word": "schamel"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Nl-schamen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Nl-schamen.ogg/Nl-schamen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Nl-schamen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "schamen"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schamen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schamen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schamen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "sjame"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: sjame",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: sjame"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "scamon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch scamon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skamēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skamēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skamāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skamāną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schāmen",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "schāmen",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "schāmen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "schāmen"
      },
      "expansion": "schāmen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be ashamed"
      ],
      "id": "en-schamen-dum-verb-5D-Ax48B",
      "links": [
        [
          "ashamed",
          "ashamed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive or intransitive) to be ashamed"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be shy"
      ],
      "id": "en-schamen-dum-verb-Uztd~ONR",
      "links": [
        [
          "shy",
          "shy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive or intransitive) to be shy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "schamen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Middle Dutch weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "schaamsoort"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "brc",
            "2": "skam"
          },
          "expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: skam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: skam"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dcr",
            "2": "skaam"
          },
          "expansion": "Negerhollands: skaam",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Negerhollands: skaam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "schāmen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch schāmen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "scamon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch scamon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skamēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skamēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skamāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skamāną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch schāmen, from Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schaamt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schamend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geschaamd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "schamen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "schaam",
        "2": "schame"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "schaamte"
    },
    {
      "word": "schamel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch basic verbs",
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch reflexive verbs",
        "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Dutch verbs",
        "Dutch weak verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be ashamed"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "ashamed",
          "ashamed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) to be ashamed"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Nl-schamen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/Nl-schamen.ogg/Nl-schamen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Nl-schamen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "schamen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch verbs",
    "Middle Dutch weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schamen"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schamen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schamen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "li",
            "2": "sjame"
          },
          "expansion": "Limburgish: sjame",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limburgish: sjame"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "scamon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch scamon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*skamēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skamēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*skamāną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skamāną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch scamon, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schāmen",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "schāmen",
        "head2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "schāmen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "schāmen"
      },
      "expansion": "schāmen",
      "name": "dum-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Middle Dutch reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be ashamed"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ashamed",
          "ashamed"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive or intransitive) to be ashamed"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Middle Dutch reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be shy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shy",
          "shy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive or intransitive) to be shy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "schamen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for schamen meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.