See saeculum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "saeculum"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin saeculum",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin saeculum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saeculums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "saecula"
},
"expansion": "saeculum (plural saeculums or saecula)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "generation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "25 25 25 14 2 0 1 1 0 6",
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"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "26 26 26 13 1 0 1 1 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 29 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "According to legend, the gods had allotted a certain number of saecula to every people or civilization; the Etruscans, for example, had been given ten saecula.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"Any of a sequence of ages (periods of time) such that each age ends with the death of the last person remaining alive since its beginning, and the end of an age marks the beginning of the next."
],
"id": "en-saeculum-en-noun-~qpCAmRf",
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"age",
"age"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"(originally) Any of a sequence of ages (periods of time) such that each age ends with the death of the last person remaining alive since its beginning, and the end of an age marks the beginning of the next."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 14 2 0 1 1 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 13 1 0 1 1 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 29 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "At the time of the reign of emperor Augustus, the Romans decided that a saeculum was 110 years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"Any of a sequence of ages of set length, used to periodise chronicles and track wars."
],
"id": "en-saeculum-en-noun-UBixHMCL",
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
]
],
"qualifier": "later usage",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"(later usage) Any of a sequence of ages of set length, used to periodise chronicles and track wars."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 14 2 0 1 1 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 13 1 0 1 1 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 29 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Hillel Schwartz, Century's End, Currency Doubleday, page 16:",
"text": "Because new ages are retrodictive as well as prospective, Augustus had his hierarchs discover (post hoc) that his were the fifth Secular Games since the founding of Rome, and that a saeculum was historically a period of 110 years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-en-noun-z4yYOo46",
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:"
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 14 2 0 1 1 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 13 1 0 1 1 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 28 29 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "en:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, The Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education, Volume 19, University of Kansas, page 203:",
"text": "Despite skepticism regarding the degree of forecasting, the authors' presentation of historical events is comprehensive and arguments for their organization into a cyclical method of four era saeculums convincing.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An approximately 85-year cycle in Strauss-Howe generational theory, a highly controversial sociological theory that postulates that zeitgeist and popular cultural values exist along recurring cycles."
],
"id": "en-saeculum-en-noun-31Olx6R3",
"links": [
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"cycle",
"cycle"
],
[
"Strauss-Howe generational theory",
"Strauss-Howe generational theory"
],
[
"controversial",
"controversial"
],
[
"sociological",
"sociological"
],
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"postulate",
"postulate"
],
[
"zeitgeist",
"zeitgeist"
],
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"saeculum"
],
"word": "saeculum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in saecula saeculorum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in saeculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "saeculāris"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shekull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shekull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shekull"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "sieglo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aragonese: sieglo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aragonese: sieglo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "sieglu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: sieglu (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: sieglu (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "seculu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Corsican: seculu (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Corsican: seculu (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "saeculum",
"3": "secle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: saeculum, secle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: saeculum, secle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fax",
"2": "siglu"
},
"expansion": "Fala: siglu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fala: siglu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "século",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: século",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: século"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sevol"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sevol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Piedmontese: sevol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "seculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: seculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: seculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "secolo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: secolo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: secolo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "seculo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: seculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: seculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "early"
},
"expansion": "(early)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "siecle",
"alt": "ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early)",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early) (semi-learned)\nMiddle French: siecle\nFrench: siècle, siecle (obsolete)\nHaitian Creole: syèk\nSwedish: sekel\nNorman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early) (semi-learned)\nMiddle French: siecle\nFrench: siècle, siecle (obsolete)\nHaitian Creole: syèk\nSwedish: sekel\nNorman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "saegul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: saegul\nIrish: saol\nManx: seihll\nScottish Gaelic: saoghal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: saegul\nIrish: saol\nManx: seihll\nScottish Gaelic: saoghal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "segle"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: segle\nCatalan: segle\nOccitan: sègle, sècle, siècle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: segle\nCatalan: segle\nOccitan: sègle, sècle, siècle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "seglo",
"alt": "seglo, segre",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: seglo, segre (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: seglo, segre (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "sieglo",
"alt": "siclo, sieglo, siglo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish: siclo, sieglo, siglo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish: siclo, sieglo, siglo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "siglo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: siglo\n→ Cebuano: siglo\n→ Papiamentu: siglo\n→ Tagalog: siglo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: siglo\n→ Cebuano: siglo\n→ Papiamentu: siglo\n→ Tagalog: siglo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "século",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: século",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: século"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "seklu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kabuverdianu: seklu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kabuverdianu: seklu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "secol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: secol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: secol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sèculu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: sèculu (semi-learned)\n→ Maltese: seklu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: sèculu (semi-learned)\n→ Maltese: seklu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sekel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: sekel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: sekel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "siglo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Waray-Waray: siglo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Waray-Waray: siglo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-culum"
},
"expansion": "Latin -culum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sėkla",
"t": "seed"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sėkla (“seed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*saitlom",
"t": "life, age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Sētlocenia"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish Sētlocenia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to bind",
"tr": "išhi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (išhi-, “to bind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सि",
"t": "to bind"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सि (si, “to bind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to sow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, knit, tie together, tie to, connect”) + *-tlom (instrumental suffix) (whence Latin -culum), in the sense of successive generations being linked together over time. Compare Lithuanian sėkla (“seed”), Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”), Gaulish Sētlocenia, Hittite [script needed] (išhi-, “to bind”), Sanskrit सि (si, “to bind”).\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saeculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "saeculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "saeculum n (genitive saeculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "saeculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"race, breed"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-oIdBfbtK",
"links": [
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"generation, lifetime"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-OUuQGjOx",
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
],
[
"lifetime",
"lifetime"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 9 41 17 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the amount of time between an occurrence and the death of the final person who was alive at, or witness to, that occurrence"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-A-Ot2JV0",
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 11 38 51 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "la:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He smiled, and said: ‘‘Oh, how wrong you are about your era,\nif you think honey is sweeter than taking up money!’’",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.191–192",
"roman": "‘quī stipe mel sūmpta dulcius esse putēs!’",
"text": "rīsit et ‘ō quam tē fallunt tua saecula,’ dīxit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"age, time, the times, an era"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-5Qbu6MLf",
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"times",
"times"
],
[
"era",
"era"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"century"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-VFog-vfL",
"links": [
[
"century",
"century"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 2 17 6 1 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 14 10 4 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 6 11 5 5 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worldliness; the world"
],
"id": "en-saeculum-la-noun-4E00iGU1",
"links": [
[
"worldliness",
"worldliness"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsae̯.ku.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠äe̯kʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈse.ku.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsɛːkulum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "saeclum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
],
"word": "sēclum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
],
"word": "sēculum"
}
],
"word": "saeculum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"en:Units of measure",
"la:Collectives",
"la:Time"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "saeculum"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin saeculum",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin saeculum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saeculums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "saecula"
},
"expansion": "saeculum (plural saeculums or saecula)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "generation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "According to legend, the gods had allotted a certain number of saecula to every people or civilization; the Etruscans, for example, had been given ten saecula.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"Any of a sequence of ages (periods of time) such that each age ends with the death of the last person remaining alive since its beginning, and the end of an age marks the beginning of the next."
],
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
],
[
"age",
"age"
]
],
"qualifier": "originally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"(originally) Any of a sequence of ages (periods of time) such that each age ends with the death of the last person remaining alive since its beginning, and the end of an age marks the beginning of the next."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "At the time of the reign of emperor Augustus, the Romans decided that a saeculum was 110 years.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"Any of a sequence of ages of set length, used to periodise chronicles and track wars."
],
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
]
],
"qualifier": "later usage",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:",
"(later usage) Any of a sequence of ages of set length, used to periodise chronicles and track wars."
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Hillel Schwartz, Century's End, Currency Doubleday, page 16:",
"text": "Because new ages are retrodictive as well as prospective, Augustus had his hierarchs discover (post hoc) that his were the fifth Secular Games since the founding of Rome, and that a saeculum was historically a period of 110 years.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population"
],
"links": [
[
"renewal",
"renewal"
],
[
"population",
"population"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Roman) A cyclical period of time, roughly equal to the time needed for the complete renewal of a human population:"
],
"tags": [
"Roman",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, The Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education, Volume 19, University of Kansas, page 203:",
"text": "Despite skepticism regarding the degree of forecasting, the authors' presentation of historical events is comprehensive and arguments for their organization into a cyclical method of four era saeculums convincing.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An approximately 85-year cycle in Strauss-Howe generational theory, a highly controversial sociological theory that postulates that zeitgeist and popular cultural values exist along recurring cycles."
],
"links": [
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"cycle",
"cycle"
],
[
"Strauss-Howe generational theory",
"Strauss-Howe generational theory"
],
[
"controversial",
"controversial"
],
[
"sociological",
"sociological"
],
[
"theory",
"theory"
],
[
"postulate",
"postulate"
],
[
"zeitgeist",
"zeitgeist"
],
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"saeculum"
],
"word": "saeculum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -culum",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"la:Collectives",
"la:Time"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "in saecula saeculorum"
},
{
"word": "in saeculum"
},
{
"word": "saeculāris"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shekull",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: shekull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: shekull"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "sieglo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aragonese: sieglo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aragonese: sieglo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "sieglu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: sieglu (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: sieglu (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "seculu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Corsican: seculu (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Corsican: seculu (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "saeculum",
"3": "secle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: saeculum, secle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: saeculum, secle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fax",
"2": "siglu"
},
"expansion": "Fala: siglu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fala: siglu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "século",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: século",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: século"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sevol"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: sevol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Piedmontese: sevol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "seculo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: seculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: seculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "secolo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: secolo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: secolo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "seculo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: seculo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: seculo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "early"
},
"expansion": "(early)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "siecle",
"alt": "ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early)",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early) (semi-learned)\nMiddle French: siecle\nFrench: siècle, siecle (obsolete)\nHaitian Creole: syèk\nSwedish: sekel\nNorman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: ciecle, secle, sekle, sicle, siecle; seule (early) (semi-learned)\nMiddle French: siecle\nFrench: siècle, siecle (obsolete)\nHaitian Creole: syèk\nSwedish: sekel\nNorman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "saegul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: saegul\nIrish: saol\nManx: seihll\nScottish Gaelic: saoghal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: saegul\nIrish: saol\nManx: seihll\nScottish Gaelic: saoghal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "segle"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: segle\nCatalan: segle\nOccitan: sègle, sècle, siècle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: segle\nCatalan: segle\nOccitan: sègle, sècle, siècle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "seglo",
"alt": "seglo, segre",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: seglo, segre (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: seglo, segre (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "sieglo",
"alt": "siclo, sieglo, siglo",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish: siclo, sieglo, siglo (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish: siclo, sieglo, siglo (semi-learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "siglo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: siglo\n→ Cebuano: siglo\n→ Papiamentu: siglo\n→ Tagalog: siglo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: siglo\n→ Cebuano: siglo\n→ Papiamentu: siglo\n→ Tagalog: siglo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "século",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: século",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: século"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "seklu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kabuverdianu: seklu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kabuverdianu: seklu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "secol",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: secol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: secol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "sèculu",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: sèculu (semi-learned)\n→ Maltese: seklu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: sèculu (semi-learned)\n→ Maltese: seklu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sekel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: sekel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: sekel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "siglo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Waray-Waray: siglo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Waray-Waray: siglo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-culum"
},
"expansion": "Latin -culum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sėkla",
"t": "seed"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sėkla (“seed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*saitlom",
"t": "life, age"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Sētlocenia"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish Sētlocenia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to bind",
"tr": "išhi-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (išhi-, “to bind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "सि",
"t": "to bind"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit सि (si, “to bind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to sow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, knit, tie together, tie to, connect”) + *-tlom (instrumental suffix) (whence Latin -culum), in the sense of successive generations being linked together over time. Compare Lithuanian sėkla (“seed”), Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”), Gaulish Sētlocenia, Hittite [script needed] (išhi-, “to bind”), Sanskrit सि (si, “to bind”).\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saeculī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saeculum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "saecula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "saeculum<2>"
},
"expansion": "saeculum n (genitive saeculī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "saeculum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"race, breed"
],
"links": [
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"generation, lifetime"
],
"links": [
[
"generation",
"generation"
],
[
"lifetime",
"lifetime"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the amount of time between an occurrence and the death of the final person who was alive at, or witness to, that occurrence"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He smiled, and said: ‘‘Oh, how wrong you are about your era,\nif you think honey is sweeter than taking up money!’’",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.191–192",
"roman": "‘quī stipe mel sūmpta dulcius esse putēs!’",
"text": "rīsit et ‘ō quam tē fallunt tua saecula,’ dīxit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"age, time, the times, an era"
],
"links": [
[
"age",
"age"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"times",
"times"
],
[
"era",
"era"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"century"
],
"links": [
[
"century",
"century"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worldliness; the world"
],
"links": [
[
"worldliness",
"worldliness"
],
[
"world",
"world"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsae̯.ku.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈs̠äe̯kʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈse.ku.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsɛːkulum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "saeclum"
},
{
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
],
"word": "sēclum"
},
{
"tags": [
"poetic",
"rare"
],
"word": "sēculum"
}
],
"word": "saeculum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for saeculum meaning in All languages combined (14.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''A cyclical period of time, rou'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"saeculum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "saeculum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.