"runnel" meaning in All languages combined

See runnel on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɹʌnəl/, /ˈɹʌn.l/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav [Southern-England] Forms: runnels [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌnəl Etymology: From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|runel}} Middle English runel, {{m|enm|rennel}} rennel, {{m|enm|rinel}} rinel, {{inh|en|ang|rynel|t=that which runs; runner; stream}} Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*runilaz}} Proto-Germanic *runilaz, {{suffix|en|run|el|nocat=1}} run + -el, {{cog|sco|rinel}} Scots rinel, {{m|sco|rinnal|t=stream; runnel}} rinnal (“stream; runnel”), {{cog|sv|rännel|t=runner; runnel}} Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} runnel (plural runnels)
  1. A small stream, a rivulet. Categories (place): Landforms Translations (small stream): поток (potok) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ручей (ručej) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉 (rinnō) [feminine] (Gothic), rännil [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-runnel-en-noun-polvZJbV Disambiguation of Landforms: 25 37 38 Disambiguation of 'small stream': 90 10
  2. A small artificial channel for water to flow in. Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-runnel-en-noun-mcO3fCBE Disambiguation of Landforms: 25 37 38 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 45 52 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 45 52 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 4 44 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rinel

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈɹʌnəl/, /ˈɹʌn.l/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav [Southern-England] Forms: runnels [present, singular, third-person], runnelling [UK, participle, present], runneling [US, participle, present], runnelled [UK, participle, past], runnelled [UK, past], runneled [US, participle, past], runneled [US, past]
Rhymes: -ʌnəl Etymology: From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|runel}} Middle English runel, {{m|enm|rennel}} rennel, {{m|enm|rinel}} rinel, {{inh|en|ang|rynel|t=that which runs; runner; stream}} Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*runilaz}} Proto-Germanic *runilaz, {{suffix|en|run|el|nocat=1}} run + -el, {{cog|sco|rinel}} Scots rinel, {{m|sco|rinnal|t=stream; runnel}} rinnal (“stream; runnel”), {{cog|sv|rännel|t=runner; runnel}} Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”) Head templates: {{en-verb|++|past2=runneled|past2_qual=US|past_qual=UK|pres_ptc2=runneling|pres_ptc2_qual=US|pres_ptc_qual=UK}} runnel (third-person singular simple present runnels, present participle (UK) runnelling or (US) runneling, simple past and past participle (UK) runnelled or (US) runneled)
  1. To create channels for directing the flow of liquid. Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-runnel-en-verb-Ux2vlrsi Disambiguation of Landforms: 25 37 38 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 45 52 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 45 52 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 4 44 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rinel

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for runnel meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "runel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English runel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rennel"
      },
      "expansion": "rennel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rynel",
        "t": "that which runs; runner; stream"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*runilaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *runilaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "run",
        "3": "el",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "run + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rinel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinnal",
        "t": "stream; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinnal (“stream; runnel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rännel",
        "t": "runner; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runnels",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runnel (plural runnels)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "run‧nel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 37 38",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1892 March, “Mother Talks—A Spring Walk”, in Cora L. Stockham, Andrea Hofer, editors, The Kindergarten Magazine […], volume IV, number VII, Chicago, Ill.: Kindergarten Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 471, column 2",
          "text": "Spring, is ye comen in, / Dappled larke singe, / Snow melteth, / Runnel pelteth, / Smelleth wind of newe buddinge.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
          "text": "Every little runnel in the bay was astir, and yet the land around him was as dry as flax, and no drop of rain had fallen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, A. S. Byatt, Elementals: Stories of Fire and Ice, Chatto & Windus",
          "text": "[…] great chambers in the rock where all sorts of plants were growing, under windows which had been cut to let in the sun, and glazed to adjust his warmth, and where runnels of water ran between fruit trees and seedlings, pumpkin plants and herbs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small stream, a rivulet."
      ],
      "id": "en-runnel-en-noun-polvZJbV",
      "links": [
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "rivulet",
          "rivulet"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "potok",
          "sense": "small stream",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "поток"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ručej",
          "sense": "small stream",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ручей"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "rinnō",
          "sense": "small stream",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "small stream",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "rännil"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 45 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 45 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 44 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 37 38",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
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            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
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            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 9",
          "text": "Still lower down the slope, on a staircase by the Eastern Bastion, there is an elaborate piece of hydraulic science for checking the flow of water. A stone runnel is made to descend the stairs in a series of parabolic curves which would subject the water to friction, and thus reduce its velocity and the consequent danger of a flood on the pavement below.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small artificial channel for water to flow in."
      ],
      "id": "en-runnel-en-noun-mcO3fCBE"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌnəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌn.l/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌnəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav.mp3",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rinel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runnel"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "runel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English runel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rennel"
      },
      "expansion": "rennel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rynel",
        "t": "that which runs; runner; stream"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*runilaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *runilaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "run",
        "3": "el",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "run + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rinel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinnal",
        "t": "stream; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinnal (“stream; runnel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rännel",
        "t": "runner; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runnels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelling",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneling",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "runneled",
        "past2_qual": "US",
        "past_qual": "UK",
        "pres_ptc2": "runneling",
        "pres_ptc2_qual": "US",
        "pres_ptc_qual": "UK"
      },
      "expansion": "runnel (third-person singular simple present runnels, present participle (UK) runnelling or (US) runneling, simple past and past participle (UK) runnelled or (US) runneled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "run‧nel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 45 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 45 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 44 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 37 38",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Neil Saintilan, Australian Saltmarsh Ecology, page 176",
          "text": "Not all saltmarshes are suited to habitat modification, but where they are, runnelling provides long-term and cost-effective control with minor non-target impacts.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text\nThe people who settled here weren’t farmers. They hunted. Yet they built a large amphitheater of mud, a platform carefully runneled to carry liquid—possibly blood."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To create channels for directing the flow of liquid."
      ],
      "id": "en-runnel-en-verb-Ux2vlrsi",
      "links": [
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌnəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌn.l/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌnəl"
    },
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      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rinel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runnel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌnəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌnəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "runel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English runel",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
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      },
      "expansion": "rennel",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rynel",
        "t": "that which runs; runner; stream"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*runilaz"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *runilaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "run",
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        "nocat": "1"
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      "expansion": "run + -el",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rinel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinnal",
        "t": "stream; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinnal (“stream; runnel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rännel",
        "t": "runner; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runnels",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "runnel (plural runnels)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "run‧nel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1892 March, “Mother Talks—A Spring Walk”, in Cora L. Stockham, Andrea Hofer, editors, The Kindergarten Magazine […], volume IV, number VII, Chicago, Ill.: Kindergarten Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 471, column 2",
          "text": "Spring, is ye comen in, / Dappled larke singe, / Snow melteth, / Runnel pelteth, / Smelleth wind of newe buddinge.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide",
          "text": "Every little runnel in the bay was astir, and yet the land around him was as dry as flax, and no drop of rain had fallen.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1998, A. S. Byatt, Elementals: Stories of Fire and Ice, Chatto & Windus",
          "text": "[…] great chambers in the rock where all sorts of plants were growing, under windows which had been cut to let in the sun, and glazed to adjust his warmth, and where runnels of water ran between fruit trees and seedlings, pumpkin plants and herbs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small stream, a rivulet."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "rivulet",
          "rivulet"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Ronald M. Burrows, The Discoveries In Crete, page 9",
          "text": "Still lower down the slope, on a staircase by the Eastern Bastion, there is an elaborate piece of hydraulic science for checking the flow of water. A stone runnel is made to descend the stairs in a series of parabolic curves which would subject the water to friction, and thus reduce its velocity and the consequent danger of a flood on the pavement below.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A small artificial channel for water to flow in."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌnəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌn.l/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌnəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rinel"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "potok",
      "sense": "small stream",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "поток"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ručej",
      "sense": "small stream",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ручей"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "rinnō",
      "sense": "small stream",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐍉"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "small stream",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "rännil"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runnel"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌnəl",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌnəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "runel"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English runel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rennel"
      },
      "expansion": "rennel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rynel",
        "t": "that which runs; runner; stream"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*runilaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *runilaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "run",
        "3": "el",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "run + -el",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinel"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rinel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rinnal",
        "t": "stream; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "rinnal (“stream; runnel”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rännel",
        "t": "runner; runnel"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English runel, rennel, rinel, from Old English rynel (“that which runs; runner; stream”), from Proto-Germanic *runilaz, equivalent to run + -el. Cognate with Scots rinel, rinnal (“stream; runnel”), Swedish rännel (“runner; runnel”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "runnels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelling",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneling",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runnelled",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runneled",
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++",
        "past2": "runneled",
        "past2_qual": "US",
        "past_qual": "UK",
        "pres_ptc2": "runneling",
        "pres_ptc2_qual": "US",
        "pres_ptc_qual": "UK"
      },
      "expansion": "runnel (third-person singular simple present runnels, present participle (UK) runnelling or (US) runneling, simple past and past participle (UK) runnelled or (US) runneled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "run‧nel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2009, Neil Saintilan, Australian Saltmarsh Ecology, page 176",
          "text": "Not all saltmarshes are suited to habitat modification, but where they are, runnelling provides long-term and cost-effective control with minor non-target impacts.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text\nThe people who settled here weren’t farmers. They hunted. Yet they built a large amphitheater of mud, a platform carefully runneled to carry liquid—possibly blood."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To create channels for directing the flow of liquid."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌnəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɹʌn.l/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌnəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-runnel.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-runnel.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "rinel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "runnel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.