See prope on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prokʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.\nThe change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "propius",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "proximē",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "proxumus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "proximus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prope",
"2": "propius",
"3": "proximē/proxumus/proximus"
},
"expansion": "prope (comparative propius, superlative proximē or proxumus or proximus)",
"name": "la-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near, nearby, nigh, close"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-adv-mI8dFkXh",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"nearby",
"nearby"
],
[
"nigh",
"nigh"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 30 4 16 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 21 10 0 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 29 5 16 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 51 8 10 0 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 68 8 7 0 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close in time"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-adv-6k-iT8S~",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"almost, nearly"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-adv-5xSg1DOT",
"links": [
[
"almost",
"almost"
],
[
"nearly",
"nearly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "paene"
},
{
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"word": "iū̆xtā"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"better (as an approximation)"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-adv-s83Riow~",
"links": [
[
"better",
"better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔpɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔːpe]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "prope"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "*adprope"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "appropio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "propinquus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "propior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "propter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proximus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "provo",
"3": "pruovo"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: provo, pruovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: provo, pruovo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "preuv",
"3": "pré"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: preuv, pré",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Piverone"
},
"expansion": "(Piverone)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: preuv, pré (Piverone)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "preuf"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: preuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: preuf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prof",
"3": "pruf",
"4": "preu",
"5": "pruef"
},
"expansion": "Old French: prof, pruf, preu, pruef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: prof, pruf, preu, pruef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "promais que",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norman: promais que",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the \"pro-\" part"
},
"expansion": "(the \"pro-\" part)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norman: promais que (the \"pro-\" part)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prop"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: prop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: prop"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "prop"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: prop",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "prèp",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "influenced by près"
},
"expansion": "⇒ prèp (influenced by près)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: prop ⇒ prèp (influenced by près)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*propeānus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *propeānus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *propeānus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prochain"
},
"expansion": "Old French: prochain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: prochain"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prochain"
},
"expansion": "French: prochain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: prochain"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "probianu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: probianu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: probianu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prokʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.\nThe change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prope",
"2": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "prope (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My house is near the lake.",
"text": "Domus mea prope lacum est.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-prep-Rro0dwvM",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"towards, about (in time)"
],
"id": "en-prope-la-prep-xX1WSMq9",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) towards, about (in time)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔpɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔːpe]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "prope"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin irregular adverbs",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms borrowed from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prokʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.\nThe change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "propius",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "proximē",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "proxumus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "proximus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prope",
"2": "propius",
"3": "proximē/proxumus/proximus"
},
"expansion": "prope (comparative propius, superlative proximē or proxumus or proximus)",
"name": "la-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near, nearby, nigh, close"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"nearby",
"nearby"
],
[
"nigh",
"nigh"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"close in time"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"almost, nearly"
],
"links": [
[
"almost",
"almost"
],
[
"nearly",
"nearly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "paene"
},
{
"word": "fermē"
},
{
"word": "ferē"
},
{
"word": "iū̆xtā"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"better (as an approximation)"
],
"links": [
[
"better",
"better"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔpɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔːpe]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "prope"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin accusative prepositions",
"Latin adverbs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin irregular adverbs",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin terms borrowed from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "*adprope"
},
{
"word": "appropio"
},
{
"word": "propinquus"
},
{
"word": "propior"
},
{
"word": "propter"
},
{
"word": "proximus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oit",
"2": "provo",
"3": "pruovo"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian: provo, pruovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Italian: provo, pruovo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "preuv",
"3": "pré"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: preuv, pré",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Piverone"
},
"expansion": "(Piverone)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: preuv, pré (Piverone)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "preuf"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: preuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: preuf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prof",
"3": "pruf",
"4": "preu",
"5": "pruef"
},
"expansion": "Old French: prof, pruf, preu, pruef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: prof, pruf, preu, pruef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "promais que",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norman: promais que",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the \"pro-\" part"
},
"expansion": "(the \"pro-\" part)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norman: promais que (the \"pro-\" part)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "prop"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: prop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: prop"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "prop"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: prop",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "prèp",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "influenced by près"
},
"expansion": "⇒ prèp (influenced by près)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: prop ⇒ prèp (influenced by près)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*propeānus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *propeānus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *propeānus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "prochain"
},
"expansion": "Old French: prochain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: prochain"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prochain"
},
"expansion": "French: prochain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: prochain"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "probianu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: probianu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: probianu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prokʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *prokʷe, from *pro- + *-kʷe (equivalent to Latin pro + -que). The expected form would accordingly be *proque. The second -p- is probably due to assimilation. Compare the reverse development in quinque, coquo, which was hindered here by the initial cluster pr-. A less likely explanation is borrowing from Oscan, where -𐌐𐌄 (-pe) is the regular reflex.\nThe change from locative/ablative to accusative is caused by the adverbial suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prope",
"2": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "prope (+ accusative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My house is near the lake.",
"text": "Domus mea prope lacum est.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"towards, about (in time)"
],
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) towards, about (in time)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔpɛ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpro.pe/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈprɔːpe]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "prope"
}
Download raw JSONL data for prope meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.