See pona on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Maori pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rar",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Rarotongan pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "buku"
},
"expansion": "Malay buku",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "buko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog buko",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona (compare with Maori pona, Rarotongan pona, Tahitian pona). Compare with Malay buku and Tagalog buko (themselves cognate of puʻu) for similar semantic developments within the same family.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hawaiian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 6 2 4 5 9 2 7 2 11 10 4 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 5 2 3 4 7 2 6 2 9 8 4 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"node of bamboo or sugarcanes"
],
"id": "en-pona-haw-noun-JpCms0tI",
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joint of bones, fingers"
],
"id": "en-pona-haw-noun-I25s2Td-",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puʻu"
}
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktu",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kituba",
"lang_code": "ktu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kituba entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to choose"
],
"id": "en-pona-ktu-verb-icCivRd5",
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"then; later"
],
"id": "en-pona-lld-adv-1EXmHI2s",
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
],
[
"later",
"later"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dò"
},
{
"word": "dapò"
},
{
"word": "dapodò"
}
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rar",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Rarotongan pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "buku"
},
"expansion": "Malay buku",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "buko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog buko",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona (compare with Hawaiian pona, Rarotongan pona, and Tahitian pona). Compare with Malay buku and Tagalog buko (themselves cognate of puku “swelling”) for similar semantic developments within the same family.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mona"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"node or knot of grass stalks etc"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-noun-8RtX0qv5",
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joint of a limb (legs, arms)"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-noun-b5Lm40g0",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 5 21 47 2 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joint of a limb (legs, arms)",
"knuckle"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-noun-yJaBn2lp",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"knuckle",
"knuckle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"knot (of a rope)"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-noun-S8I5si8T",
"links": [
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sachet, parcel"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-noun-HlmX8D3q",
"links": [
[
"sachet",
"sachet"
],
[
"parcel",
"parcel"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"10": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "passive",
"f2accel-form": "passive",
"f3accel-form": "passive",
"f4accel-form": "passive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to tie or fasten in a knot"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-verb-RQ90YRw1",
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "adjective",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rorohiko pona: laptop"
}
],
"glosses": [
"portable, compact"
],
"id": "en-pona-mi-adj-CnhuagUa",
"links": [
[
"portable",
"portable"
],
[
"compact",
"compact"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"applicative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponesha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"passive",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-poneka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?]",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pona",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kupona",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -lipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "siponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatuponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawaponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -poni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nipone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "upone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mpone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "apone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -pone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "apona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "papona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -japona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapona / positive subject concord + -kapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kapone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuponeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-waponeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mpona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-upona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-lipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-upona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-papona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pona- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponaye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponacho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponavyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponazo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponako",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponapo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponamo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pona)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-popona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-pona (infinitive kupona)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to heal, to recover"
],
"id": "en-pona-sw-verb-x0OuBzLd",
"links": [
[
"heal",
"heal"
],
[
"recover",
"recover"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to survive"
],
"id": "en-pona-sw-verb-upiAfijB",
"links": [
[
"survive",
"survive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-pona.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Sw-ke-pona.flac/Sw-ke-pona.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Sw-ke-pona.flac/Sw-ke-pona.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tahitian",
"lang_code": "ty",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 46 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tahitian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joint (of fingers and limbs)"
],
"id": "en-pona-ty-noun-A3koXhQv",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 46 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tahitian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"node (of bamboo)"
],
"id": "en-pona-ty-noun-QjQjWir0",
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 46 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tahitian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knot (of wood)"
],
"id": "en-pona-ty-noun-yjlmfync",
"links": [
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shirt"
],
"id": "en-pona-zom-noun-pSUUJSrf",
"links": [
[
"shirt",
"shirt"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hawaiian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hawaiian lemmas",
"Hawaiian nouns",
"Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Maori pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rar",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Rarotongan pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "buku"
},
"expansion": "Malay buku",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "buko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog buko",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona (compare with Maori pona, Rarotongan pona, Tahitian pona). Compare with Malay buku and Tagalog buko (themselves cognate of puʻu) for similar semantic developments within the same family.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"lang_code": "haw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"node of bamboo or sugarcanes"
],
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joint of bones, fingers"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puʻu"
}
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ktu",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kituba",
"lang_code": "ktu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kituba entries with incorrect language header",
"Kituba lemmas",
"Kituba verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to choose"
],
"links": [
[
"choose",
"choose"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin adverbs",
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin lemmas",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"then; later"
],
"links": [
[
"then",
"then"
],
[
"later",
"later"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dò"
},
{
"word": "dapò"
},
{
"word": "dapodò"
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Maori adjectives",
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Maori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Maori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian",
"Maori verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haw",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Hawaiian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rar",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Rarotongan pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "pona"
},
"expansion": "Tahitian pona",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "buku"
},
"expansion": "Malay buku",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "buko"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog buko",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona (compare with Hawaiian pona, Rarotongan pona, and Tahitian pona). Compare with Malay buku and Tagalog buko (themselves cognate of puku “swelling”) for similar semantic developments within the same family.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "mona"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"node or knot of grass stalks etc"
],
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joint of a limb (legs, arms)"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joint of a limb (legs, arms)",
"knuckle"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"knuckle",
"knuckle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Maori adjectives",
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Maori verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"knot (of a rope)"
],
"links": [
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sachet, parcel"
],
"links": [
[
"sachet",
"sachet"
],
[
"parcel",
"parcel"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Maori adjectives",
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Maori verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"10": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "passive",
"f2accel-form": "passive",
"f3accel-form": "passive",
"f4accel-form": "passive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to tie or fasten in a knot"
],
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Maori adjectives",
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori nouns",
"Maori verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From sense of node/knot in Etymology 1.\nSense of 'portable' is semantic extension < 'sachet' < 'tied item' < 'knot of rope'",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "adjective",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "mi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rorohiko pona: laptop"
}
],
"glosses": [
"portable, compact"
],
"links": [
[
"portable",
"portable"
],
[
"compact",
"compact"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"applicative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponea"
},
{
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponesha"
},
{
"tags": [
"passive",
"verb"
],
"word": "-ponwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-poneka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?]",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-pona",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kupona",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "poneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -lipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "siponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatuponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawaponi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -poni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nipone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tupone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "upone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mpone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "apone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -pone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "napona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "apona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "papona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -japona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kapona / positive subject concord + -kapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kapone",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuponeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-waponeni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mpona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-upona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-lipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yapona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-upona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-papona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mupona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jipona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pona- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponaye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponacho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponavyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponazo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponako",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponapo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ponamo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pona)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yepona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-opona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-popona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-mopona",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-pona (infinitive kupona)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to heal, to recover"
],
"links": [
[
"heal",
"heal"
],
[
"recover",
"recover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to survive"
],
"links": [
[
"survive",
"survive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-pona.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Sw-ke-pona.flac/Sw-ke-pona.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Sw-ke-pona.flac/Sw-ke-pona.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tahitian entries with incorrect language header",
"Tahitian lemmas",
"Tahitian nouns",
"Tahitian terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Tahitian terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*pona"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *pona",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *pona.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ty",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tahitian",
"lang_code": "ty",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joint (of fingers and limbs)"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"node (of bamboo)"
],
"links": [
[
"node",
"node"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knot (of wood)"
],
"links": [
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zom",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pona",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zou",
"lang_code": "zom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zou entries with incorrect language header",
"Zou lemmas",
"Zou nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shirt"
],
"links": [
[
"shirt",
"shirt"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pona"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pona meaning in All languages combined (23.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Swahili is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information., style: background: #eff7ff; border: 1px solid #d0d0d0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"pona"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pona",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.