See plōgaz on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for plōgaz meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plōg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *plōg\nOld English: plōg, plōh\nMiddle English: plough, ploug, plouh, plogh, plog, ploh, ploch; plugh, pleugh, plue, pleu\nEnglish: plough, plow (see there for further descendants)\nScots: pleuch, plou\nYola: pleough, plowe, plou\nOld Frisian: plōch\nNorth Frisian: plog\nSaterland Frisian: Plouch\nWest Frisian: ploech\nOld Saxon: *plōg\nMiddle Low German: plôg\nLow German: Ploog\nPlautdietsch: Pluach, Plüach\nOld Dutch: *pluog\nMiddle Dutch: ploech\nDutch: ploeg\nAfrikaans: ploeg\nLimburgish: plógk\nOld High German: phluog, pfluog\nMiddle High German: pfluoc\nCentral Franconian: Plooch, Pluuch\nHunsrik: Plugh\nLuxembourgish: Plou\nEast Central German:\nVilamovian: fłüg\nEast Franconian:\nGerman: Pflug\nRhine Franconian: Plug\n→ Medieval Latin: plōvum, ploum\n→ Proto-Slavic: *plùgъ (see there for further descendants)\n→ Lithuanian: plū̃gas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *plōg\nOld English: plōg, plōh\nMiddle English: plough, ploug, plouh, plogh, plog, ploh, ploch; plugh, pleugh, plue, pleu\nEnglish: plough, plow (see there for further descendants)\nScots: pleuch, plou\nYola: pleough, plowe, plou\nOld Frisian: plōch\nNorth Frisian: plog\nSaterland Frisian: Plouch\nWest Frisian: ploech\nOld Saxon: *plōg\nMiddle Low German: plôg\nLow German: Ploog\nPlautdietsch: Pluach, Plüach\nOld Dutch: *pluog\nMiddle Dutch: ploech\nDutch: ploeg\nAfrikaans: ploeg\nLimburgish: plógk\nOld High German: phluog, pfluog\nMiddle High German: pfluoc\nCentral Franconian: Plooch, Pluuch\nHunsrik: Plugh\nLuxembourgish: Plou\nEast Central German:\nVilamovian: fłüg\nEast Franconian:\nGerman: Pflug\nRhine Franconian: Plug\n→ Medieval Latin: plōvum, ploum\n→ Proto-Slavic: *plùgъ (see there for further descendants)\n→ Lithuanian: plū̃gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "plógr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: plógr\nIcelandic: plógur m\nFaroese: plógv f or n\nNorn: plu\nNorwegian Bokmål: plog m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: plog m\nOld Swedish: plōgher\nSwedish: plog c\nOld Danish: plogh\nDanish: plov c\nElfdalian: pluog\nGutnish: plog\n→ Middle English: plouh, plugh, plough, plouw, plow (partially)\nEnglish: plough",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: plógr\nIcelandic: plógur m\nFaroese: plógv f or n\nNorn: plu\nNorwegian Bokmål: plog m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: plog m\nOld Swedish: plōgher\nSwedish: plog c\nOld Danish: plogh\nDanish: plov c\nElfdalian: pluog\nGutnish: plog\n→ Middle English: plouh, plugh, plough, plouw, plow (partially)\nEnglish: plough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ɸlowyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlowī",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "*ɸlowī (“rudder”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plów-yo-s",
"t": "ship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plów-yo-s (“ship”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plew-",
"t": "to fly, flow, run"
},
"expansion": "*plew- (“to fly, flow, run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plor",
"t": "prow of a boat; ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Albanian plor (“prow of a boat; ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plaumoratum"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaumoratum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*rotos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rotos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*raþą",
"3": "",
"4": "wheel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plehan",
"3": "",
"4": "to take responsibility, care"
},
"expansion": "*plehan (“to take responsibility, care”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pfluog",
"3": "",
"4": "livelihood"
},
"expansion": "Old High German pfluog (“livelihood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "plógur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic plógur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "plóg",
"3": "",
"4": "profit"
},
"expansion": "plóg (“profit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plag/kkōn-",
"t": "rag, sod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (“rag, sod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos, *ɸlowī (“rudder”), from Proto-Indo-European *plów-yo-s (“ship”), from the root *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”). Compare Albanian plor (“prow of a boat; ploughshare”).\nAlinei also mentions the Latin plaumoratum (Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 18.69), with the second element possibly relating to the family of Latin rota, Proto-Celtic *rotos and Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”). Guus Kroonen has suggested a connection of the Germanic and the Latin words to *plehan (“to take responsibility, care”) (“to care for one’s life” > “to plow”); compare Old High German pfluog (“livelihood”) and Icelandic plógur, plóg (“profit”), which could nevertheless point as well to the opposite morpho-semantic evolution. Otherwise he proposes a connection with Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (“rag, sod”), which seems a bit far-fetched.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plōgaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"id": "en-plōgaz-gem-pro-noun-ho6Cm9mP",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plōguz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Guus Kroonen",
"Pliny the Elder"
]
}
],
"word": "plōgaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plōg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *plōg\nOld English: plōg, plōh\nMiddle English: plough, ploug, plouh, plogh, plog, ploh, ploch; plugh, pleugh, plue, pleu\nEnglish: plough, plow (see there for further descendants)\nScots: pleuch, plou\nYola: pleough, plowe, plou\nOld Frisian: plōch\nNorth Frisian: plog\nSaterland Frisian: Plouch\nWest Frisian: ploech\nOld Saxon: *plōg\nMiddle Low German: plôg\nLow German: Ploog\nPlautdietsch: Pluach, Plüach\nOld Dutch: *pluog\nMiddle Dutch: ploech\nDutch: ploeg\nAfrikaans: ploeg\nLimburgish: plógk\nOld High German: phluog, pfluog\nMiddle High German: pfluoc\nCentral Franconian: Plooch, Pluuch\nHunsrik: Plugh\nLuxembourgish: Plou\nEast Central German:\nVilamovian: fłüg\nEast Franconian:\nGerman: Pflug\nRhine Franconian: Plug\n→ Medieval Latin: plōvum, ploum\n→ Proto-Slavic: *plùgъ (see there for further descendants)\n→ Lithuanian: plū̃gas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *plōg\nOld English: plōg, plōh\nMiddle English: plough, ploug, plouh, plogh, plog, ploh, ploch; plugh, pleugh, plue, pleu\nEnglish: plough, plow (see there for further descendants)\nScots: pleuch, plou\nYola: pleough, plowe, plou\nOld Frisian: plōch\nNorth Frisian: plog\nSaterland Frisian: Plouch\nWest Frisian: ploech\nOld Saxon: *plōg\nMiddle Low German: plôg\nLow German: Ploog\nPlautdietsch: Pluach, Plüach\nOld Dutch: *pluog\nMiddle Dutch: ploech\nDutch: ploeg\nAfrikaans: ploeg\nLimburgish: plógk\nOld High German: phluog, pfluog\nMiddle High German: pfluoc\nCentral Franconian: Plooch, Pluuch\nHunsrik: Plugh\nLuxembourgish: Plou\nEast Central German:\nVilamovian: fłüg\nEast Franconian:\nGerman: Pflug\nRhine Franconian: Plug\n→ Medieval Latin: plōvum, ploum\n→ Proto-Slavic: *plùgъ (see there for further descendants)\n→ Lithuanian: plū̃gas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "plógr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: plógr\nIcelandic: plógur m\nFaroese: plógv f or n\nNorn: plu\nNorwegian Bokmål: plog m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: plog m\nOld Swedish: plōgher\nSwedish: plog c\nOld Danish: plogh\nDanish: plov c\nElfdalian: pluog\nGutnish: plog\n→ Middle English: plouh, plugh, plough, plouw, plow (partially)\nEnglish: plough",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: plógr\nIcelandic: plógur m\nFaroese: plógv f or n\nNorn: plu\nNorwegian Bokmål: plog m\nNorwegian Nynorsk: plog m\nOld Swedish: plōgher\nSwedish: plog c\nOld Danish: plogh\nDanish: plov c\nElfdalian: pluog\nGutnish: plog\n→ Middle English: plouh, plugh, plough, plouw, plow (partially)\nEnglish: plough"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ɸlowyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlowī",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "*ɸlowī (“rudder”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*plów-yo-s",
"t": "ship"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plów-yo-s (“ship”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*plew-",
"t": "to fly, flow, run"
},
"expansion": "*plew- (“to fly, flow, run”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plor",
"t": "prow of a boat; ploughshare"
},
"expansion": "Albanian plor (“prow of a boat; ploughshare”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plaumoratum"
},
"expansion": "Latin plaumoratum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*rotos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rotos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*raþą",
"3": "",
"4": "wheel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plehan",
"3": "",
"4": "to take responsibility, care"
},
"expansion": "*plehan (“to take responsibility, care”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "pfluog",
"3": "",
"4": "livelihood"
},
"expansion": "Old High German pfluog (“livelihood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "plógur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic plógur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "plóg",
"3": "",
"4": "profit"
},
"expansion": "plóg (“profit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*plag/kkōn-",
"t": "rag, sod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (“rag, sod”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos, *ɸlowī (“rudder”), from Proto-Indo-European *plów-yo-s (“ship”), from the root *plew- (“to fly, flow, run”). Compare Albanian plor (“prow of a boat; ploughshare”).\nAlinei also mentions the Latin plaumoratum (Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 18.69), with the second element possibly relating to the family of Latin rota, Proto-Celtic *rotos and Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”). Guus Kroonen has suggested a connection of the Germanic and the Latin words to *plehan (“to take responsibility, care”) (“to care for one’s life” > “to plow”); compare Old High German pfluog (“livelihood”) and Icelandic plógur, plóg (“profit”), which could nevertheless point as well to the opposite morpho-semantic evolution. Otherwise he proposes a connection with Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (“rag, sod”), which seems a bit far-fetched.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōg",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plōgamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plōgaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Frisian links with redundant target parameters",
"Old Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"plough"
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Guus Kroonen",
"Pliny the Elder"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plōguz"
}
],
"word": "plōgaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.