See pinjin on Wiktionary
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m-in" }, "expansion": "pinjin m inan", "name": "cs-noun" } ], "lang": "Czech", "lang_code": "cs", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Pinyin" ], "id": "en-pinjin-cs-noun-GwCLRvp8", "links": [ [ "Pinyin", "Pinyin" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "pinyin" }, { "word": "pchin-jin" } ], "tags": [ "inanimate", "masculine" ] } ], "word": "pinjin" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "zh", "3": "拼音", "4": "", "5": "phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system", "lit": "to spell sound", "sc": "Hani", "tr": "pīnyīn" }, "expansion": "Chinese 拼音 (pīnyīn, “phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system”, literally “to spell sound”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Chinese 拼音 (pīnyīn, “phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system”, literally “to spell sound”).", "forms": [ { "form": "pinjinek", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "hu-infl-nom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "front unrounded harmony", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "-e-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjint", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineket", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineknek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnel", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekkel", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinért", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causal-final", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekért", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causal-final", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinné", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekké", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinig", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekig", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinként", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-formal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekként", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-formal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-modal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-modal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinben", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekben", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "superessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjineken", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "superessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnél", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineknél", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinbe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekbe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "sublative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "sublative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinhez", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekhez", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinből", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekből", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinről", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "delative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekről", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "delative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjintől", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinektől", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjiné", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineké", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinéi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekéi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "hu-pos-etek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "pinjinem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessed-single", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeim", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessed-many", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjined", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeid", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-many", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinje", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjei", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-many", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinünk", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeink", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinetek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeitek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjük", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeik", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "noun", "3": "usually uncountable", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "pinjinek", "7": "", "8": "{{{alt}}}", "head": "", "nopalindromecat": "" }, "expansion": "pinjin (usually uncountable, plural pinjinek)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "-", "2": "ek" }, "expansion": "pinjin (usually uncountable, plural pinjinek)", "name": "hu-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "pin‧jin" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pinjine", "2": "e", "3": "-" }, "name": "hu-infl-nom" }, { "args": { "1pl_pl": "pinjinjeink", "1pl_sg": "pinjinünk", "1sg_pl": "pinjinjeim", "1sg_sg": "pinjinem", "2pl_pl": "pinjinjeitek", "2pl_sg": "pinjinetek", "2sg_pl": "pinjinjeid", "2sg_sg": "pinjined", "3pl_pl": "pinjinjeik", "3pl_sg": "pinjinjük", "3sg_pl": "pinjinjei", "3sg_sg": "pinjinje", "n": "", "perspron": "" }, "name": "hu-infl-pos-table" } ], "lang": "Hungarian", "lang_code": "hu", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant transliterations", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [ "Links with redundant wikilinks", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "pinyin, Pinyin" ], "id": "en-pinjin-hu-noun-Rjfrdruq", "links": [ [ "pinyin", "pinyin" ], [ "Pinyin", "Pinyin" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable", "usually" ], "wikipedia": [ "hu:pinjin" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈpiɲːin]" }, { "rhymes": "-in" } ], "word": "pinjin" } { "forms": [ { "form": "пинјин", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sh-decl-noun\n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "pinjini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "tr": "пинјин" }, "expansion": "pinjin m (Cyrillic spelling пинјин)", "name": "sh-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pinjin", "10": "pinjini", "11": "pinjinom", "12": "pinjinima", "13": "pinjinu", "14": "pinjinima", "2": "pinjini", "3": "pinjina", "4": "pinjina", "5": "pinjinu", "6": "pinjinima", "7": "pinjin", "8": "pinjine", "9": "pinjine" }, "name": "sh-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "lang_code": "sh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "pinyin" ], "id": "en-pinjin-sh-noun-w~0C~csv", "links": [ [ "pinyin", "pinyin" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "pinjin" }
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m-in" }, "expansion": "pinjin m inan", "name": "cs-noun" } ], "lang": "Czech", "lang_code": "cs", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Czech entries with incorrect language header", "Czech inanimate nouns", "Czech lemmas", "Czech masculine nouns", "Czech nouns", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "Pinyin" ], "links": [ [ "Pinyin", "Pinyin" ] ], "tags": [ "inanimate", "masculine" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "pinyin" }, { "word": "pchin-jin" } ], "word": "pinjin" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "zh", "3": "拼音", "4": "", "5": "phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system", "lit": "to spell sound", "sc": "Hani", "tr": "pīnyīn" }, "expansion": "Chinese 拼音 (pīnyīn, “phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system”, literally “to spell sound”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Chinese 拼音 (pīnyīn, “phonetic writing, i.e., romanisation system, transcription system”, literally “to spell sound”).", "forms": [ { "form": "pinjinek", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "hu-infl-nom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "front unrounded harmony", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "-e-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjint", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineket", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineknek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnel", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekkel", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinért", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causal-final", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekért", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "causal-final", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinné", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "translative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekké", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "translative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinig", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekig", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinként", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-formal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekként", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-formal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-modal", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "essive-modal", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinben", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekben", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinen", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "superessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjineken", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "superessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinnél", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineknél", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "adessive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinbe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekbe", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "illative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "sublative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekre", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "sublative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinhez", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekhez", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "allative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinből", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekből", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "elative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinről", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "delative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekről", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "delative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjintől", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinektől", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjiné", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjineké", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinéi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinekéi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "predicative" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "hu-pos-etek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "pinjinem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessed-single", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeim", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "possessed-many", "possessive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjined", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeid", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-many", "possessive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinje", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-single", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjei", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "possessed-many", "possessive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinünk", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeink", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "pinjinetek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeitek", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjük", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-single", "possessive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "pinjinjeik", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "possessed-many", "possessive", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hu", "2": "noun", "3": "usually uncountable", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "pinjinek", "7": "", "8": "{{{alt}}}", "head": "", "nopalindromecat": "" }, "expansion": "pinjin (usually uncountable, plural pinjinek)", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "-", "2": "ek" }, "expansion": "pinjin (usually uncountable, plural pinjinek)", "name": "hu-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "pin‧jin" ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pinjine", "2": "e", "3": "-" }, "name": "hu-infl-nom" }, { "args": { "1pl_pl": "pinjinjeink", "1pl_sg": "pinjinünk", "1sg_pl": "pinjinjeim", "1sg_sg": "pinjinem", "2pl_pl": "pinjinjeitek", "2pl_sg": "pinjinetek", "2sg_pl": "pinjinjeid", "2sg_sg": "pinjined", "3pl_pl": "pinjinjeik", "3pl_sg": "pinjinjük", "3sg_pl": "pinjinjei", "3sg_sg": "pinjinje", "n": "", "perspron": "" }, "name": "hu-infl-pos-table" } ], "lang": "Hungarian", "lang_code": "hu", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header", "Hungarian lemmas", "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks", "Hungarian nouns", "Hungarian terms derived from Chinese", "Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation", "Hungarian uncountable nouns", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Hungarian/in", "Rhymes:Hungarian/in/2 syllables" ], "glosses": [ "pinyin, Pinyin" ], "links": [ [ "pinyin", "pinyin" ], [ "Pinyin", "Pinyin" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable", "usually" ], "wikipedia": [ "hu:pinjin" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ˈpiɲːin]" }, { "rhymes": "-in" } ], "word": "pinjin" } { "forms": [ { "form": "пинјин", "tags": [ "Cyrillic" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "sh-decl-noun\n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjina", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjine", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "pinjini", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "pinjinom", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "pinjinu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "pinjinima", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "tr": "пинјин" }, "expansion": "pinjin m (Cyrillic spelling пинјин)", "name": "sh-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pinjin", "10": "pinjini", "11": "pinjinom", "12": "pinjinima", "13": "pinjinu", "14": "pinjinima", "2": "pinjini", "3": "pinjina", "4": "pinjina", "5": "pinjinu", "6": "pinjinima", "7": "pinjin", "8": "pinjine", "9": "pinjine" }, "name": "sh-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "lang_code": "sh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header", "Serbo-Croatian lemmas", "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns", "Serbo-Croatian nouns" ], "glosses": [ "pinyin" ], "links": [ [ "pinyin", "pinyin" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "pinjin" }
Download raw JSONL data for pinjin meaning in All languages combined (9.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.