"perpend" meaning in All languages combined

See perpend on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /pəˈpɛnd/ [UK], /pɚˈpɛnd/ [General-American] Forms: perpends [plural]
Etymology: From Middle French parpain, see etymology of French parpaing. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|parpain}} Middle French parpain, {{cog|fr|parpaing}} French parpaing Head templates: {{en-noun}} perpend (plural perpends)
  1. A brick or stone that has its longest dimension perpendicular to the face of a wall, especially one that extends through the wall's entire thickness.
    Sense id: en-perpend-en-noun-kCFCQxII Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)pend- Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 58 32 9 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 59 32 9 Disambiguation of English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)pend-: 62 17 21
  2. A vertical joint (usually mortar) between bricks or blocks in a horizontal course.
    Sense id: en-perpend-en-noun-NFGNsXpE
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: parpen, parpend, parpent
Etymology number: 2

Verb [English]

IPA: /pəˈpɛnd/ [UK], /pɚˈpɛnd/ [General-American] Forms: perpends [present, singular, third-person], perpending [participle, present], perpended [participle, past], perpended [past]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin perpendere, from per- + pendere (“to weigh”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|perpendere}} Latin perpendere, {{m|la|per-}} per-, {{m|la|pendere||to weigh}} pendere (“to weigh”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} perpend (third-person singular simple present perpends, present participle perpending, simple past and past participle perpended)
  1. (archaic) To ponder, consider. Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Thinking
    Sense id: en-perpend-en-verb-ERcMguKS Disambiguation of Thinking: 8 12 80
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for perpend meaning in All languages combined (3.3kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perpendere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perpendere",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pendere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to weigh"
      },
      "expansion": "pendere (“to weigh”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin perpendere, from per- + pendere (“to weigh”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perpends",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpending",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpended",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpended",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perpend (third-person singular simple present perpends, present participle perpending, simple past and past participle perpended)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 12 80",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Thinking",
          "orig": "en:Thinking",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ponder, consider."
      ],
      "id": "en-perpend-en-verb-ERcMguKS",
      "links": [
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ],
        [
          "consider",
          "consider"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) To ponder, consider."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "perpend"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "parpain"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French parpain",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "parpaing"
      },
      "expansion": "French parpaing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French parpain, see etymology of French parpaing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perpends",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perpend (plural perpends)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "58 32 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 32 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)pend-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A brick or stone that has its longest dimension perpendicular to the face of a wall, especially one that extends through the wall's entire thickness."
      ],
      "id": "en-perpend-en-noun-kCFCQxII",
      "links": [
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ],
        [
          "wall",
          "wall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A vertical joint (usually mortar) between bricks or blocks in a horizontal course."
      ],
      "id": "en-perpend-en-noun-NFGNsXpE",
      "links": [
        [
          "joint",
          "joint"
        ],
        [
          "mortar",
          "mortar"
        ],
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "parpen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "parpend"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "parpent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perpend"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)pend-",
    "en:Thinking"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "perpendere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perpendere",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pendere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to weigh"
      },
      "expansion": "pendere (“to weigh”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin perpendere, from per- + pendere (“to weigh”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perpends",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpending",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpended",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perpended",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perpend (third-person singular simple present perpends, present participle perpending, simple past and past participle perpended)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ponder, consider."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ],
        [
          "consider",
          "consider"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) To ponder, consider."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "perpend"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*(s)pend-",
    "en:Thinking"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "parpain"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French parpain",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "parpaing"
      },
      "expansion": "French parpaing",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French parpain, see etymology of French parpaing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perpends",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perpend (plural perpends)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A brick or stone that has its longest dimension perpendicular to the face of a wall, especially one that extends through the wall's entire thickness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ],
        [
          "wall",
          "wall"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A vertical joint (usually mortar) between bricks or blocks in a horizontal course."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "joint",
          "joint"
        ],
        [
          "mortar",
          "mortar"
        ],
        [
          "brick",
          "brick"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ],
        [
          "course",
          "course"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈpɛnd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "parpen"
    },
    {
      "word": "parpend"
    },
    {
      "word": "parpent"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perpend"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.