"pernoctation" meaning in All languages combined

See pernoctation on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˌpɜːnɒkˈteɪʃn̩/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌpɜɹnɑkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ [General-American], /pɜɹˌnɑk-/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga Forms: pernoctations [plural]
Rhymes: -eɪʃən Etymology: PIE word *nókʷts Learned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”), from pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix). Pernoctō is from per- (prefix with the sense of completion or entirety forming verbs) + nox (“night; darkness”). By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion. Etymology templates: {{PIE word|en|nókʷts}} PIE word *nókʷts, {{root|en|ine-pro|*negʷ-}}, {{lbor|en|LL.|pernoctātiō|t=act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)}} Learned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”), {{af|la|pernoctō|-tiō|nocat=1|pos2=action noun suffix|t1=to spend the night}} pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix), {{glossary|prefix}} prefix, {{surf|en|pernoctate|-ion}} By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} pernoctation (countable and uncountable, plural pernoctations)
  1. (uncountable) The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay. Tags: formal, uncountable Translations (action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay): yöpyminen (Finnish), Übernachtung [feminine] (German), pernoctación (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-pernoctation-en-noun-efURv2sr Disambiguation of 'action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay': 92 7 1
  2. (uncountable) The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this. Tags: formal, uncountable Translations (action of walking about at night; instance of this): yövartio (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-pernoctation-en-noun-GgqJa6Vd Disambiguation of 'action of walking about at night; instance of this': 20 78 1
  3. (countable, religion, chiefly Christianity, obsolete) A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil. Tags: countable, formal, obsolete Categories (topical): Christianity, Religion Translations (religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours): yömessu (Finnish), ночное бде́ние (nočnoje bdénije) [neuter] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-pernoctation-en-noun-cOVXllLf Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ion, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 26 12 63 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 32 13 55 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 18 14 68 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 14 13 73 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 7 83 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 20 20 60 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 21 13 66 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 19 10 71 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 16 10 74 Topics: Christianity, lifestyle, religion Disambiguation of 'religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours': 2 5 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: pernoctate

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nókʷts"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *nókʷts",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*negʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pernoctātiō",
        "t": "act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pernoctō",
        "3": "-tiō",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos2": "action noun suffix",
        "t1": "to spend the night"
      },
      "expansion": "pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pernoctate",
        "3": "-ion"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *nókʷts\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”), from pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix). Pernoctō is from per- (prefix with the sense of completion or entirety forming verbs) + nox (“night; darkness”). By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pernoctations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "pernoctation (countable and uncountable, plural pernoctations)",
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    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per‧noct‧a‧tion"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pernoctate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1685, R. H. [pseudonym; Abraham Woodhead], “Part I”, in An Historical Narration of the Life and Death of Our Lord Jesus Christ. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [s.n.], →OCLC, § 113, page 88:",
          "text": "The next morning they [Mary and Joseph] return back with ſpeed toward Jeruſalem; and at night repairing to their former lodging, neither there it ſeems heard they any thing of him [Jesus] (which argues, for this time of his abſence his pernoctation in the Temple), and ſo they muſt paſs this ſecond night alſo in great deſolation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1880 November, Statutes Proposed to be Made by the University of Oxford Commissioners for Exeter College, Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire: E. Pickard Hall, […], and J. H. Stacy, […], →OCLC, part III, section 15, page 11:",
          "text": "For the purposes of this clause, residing in Oxford shall mean the occupation of a dwelling-house or lodging in Oxford with pernoctation, and residing in College shall mean the occupation of rooms in College, or of a house in immediate communication with the College, with pernoctation.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay."
      ],
      "id": "en-pernoctation-en-noun-efURv2sr",
      "links": [
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "abiding",
          "abide"
        ],
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "92 7 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
          "word": "yöpyminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 7 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Übernachtung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "92 7 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
          "word": "pernoctación"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1958, W[illiam] C[onrad] Costin, The History of St. John’s College, Oxford, 1598–1890, Oxford, Oxfordshire: University Press, →OCLC, page 21:",
          "text": "In 1599 Sʳ Robert Leech and Sʳ John Meades were guilty of pernoctation and breaking windows. They had been sent to prison by the Proctor.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "id": "en-pernoctation-en-noun-GgqJa6Vd",
      "links": [
        [
          "walking",
          "walk#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "20 78 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "action of walking about at night; instance of this",
          "word": "yövartio"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Christianity",
          "orig": "en:Christianity",
          "parents": [
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "en:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 12 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 13 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 14 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 13 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 7 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 20 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 10 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 10 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1772, John Glen King, “The Order of the After-vespers”, in The Rites and Ceremonies of the Greek Church, in Russia; […], London: […] W. Owen, […]; J[ames] Dodsley, […]; J[ohn] Rivington, […]; and T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, […], →OCLC, footnote 6, page 82:",
          "text": "[I]n general the veſpers begin a little before ſunſet; the matins at four o'clock in the morning, and the liturgy or communion about nine; and when the vigil, or pernoctation, is performed, that ſervice begins after ſunſet; and there is no ſervice, in the morning following, till the communion.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil."
      ],
      "id": "en-pernoctation-en-noun-cOVXllLf",
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "religious",
          "religious"
        ],
        [
          "normal",
          "normal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "sleeping",
          "sleeping#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hour",
          "hour"
        ],
        [
          "prayer",
          "prayer"
        ],
        [
          "ceremonies",
          "ceremony"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, religion, chiefly Christianity, obsolete) A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "formal",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 5 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours",
          "word": "yömessu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 5 93",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "nočnoje bdénije",
          "sense": "religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ночное бде́ние"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɜːnɒkˈteɪʃn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɜɹnɑkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɜɹˌnɑk-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pernoctation"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English formal terms",
    "English learned borrowings from Late Latin",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *negʷ-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *nókʷts",
    "English terms suffixed with -ion",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nókʷts"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *nókʷts",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*negʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pernoctātiō",
        "t": "act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pernoctō",
        "3": "-tiō",
        "nocat": "1",
        "pos2": "action noun suffix",
        "t1": "to spend the night"
      },
      "expansion": "pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pernoctate",
        "3": "-ion"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *nókʷts\nLearned borrowing from Late Latin pernoctātiō (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”), from pernoctō (“to spend the night”) + -tiō (action noun suffix). Pernoctō is from per- (prefix with the sense of completion or entirety forming verbs) + nox (“night; darkness”). By surface analysis, pernoctate + -ion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pernoctations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "pernoctation (countable and uncountable, plural pernoctations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per‧noct‧a‧tion"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pernoctate"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1685, R. H. [pseudonym; Abraham Woodhead], “Part I”, in An Historical Narration of the Life and Death of Our Lord Jesus Christ. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [s.n.], →OCLC, § 113, page 88:",
          "text": "The next morning they [Mary and Joseph] return back with ſpeed toward Jeruſalem; and at night repairing to their former lodging, neither there it ſeems heard they any thing of him [Jesus] (which argues, for this time of his abſence his pernoctation in the Temple), and ſo they muſt paſs this ſecond night alſo in great deſolation.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1880 November, Statutes Proposed to be Made by the University of Oxford Commissioners for Exeter College, Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire: E. Pickard Hall, […], and J. H. Stacy, […], →OCLC, part III, section 15, page 11:",
          "text": "For the purposes of this clause, residing in Oxford shall mean the occupation of a dwelling-house or lodging in Oxford with pernoctation, and residing in College shall mean the occupation of rooms in College, or of a house in immediate communication with the College, with pernoctation.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "abiding",
          "abide"
        ],
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ],
        [
          "instance",
          "instance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "overnight",
          "overnight#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "stay",
          "stay#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1958, W[illiam] C[onrad] Costin, The History of St. John’s College, Oxford, 1598–1890, Oxford, Oxfordshire: University Press, →OCLC, page 21:",
          "text": "In 1599 Sʳ Robert Leech and Sʳ John Meades were guilty of pernoctation and breaking windows. They had been sent to prison by the Proctor.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "walking",
          "walk#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ],
        [
          "watch",
          "watch#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Christianity",
        "en:Religion"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1772, John Glen King, “The Order of the After-vespers”, in The Rites and Ceremonies of the Greek Church, in Russia; […], London: […] W. Owen, […]; J[ames] Dodsley, […]; J[ohn] Rivington, […]; and T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt, […], →OCLC, footnote 6, page 82:",
          "text": "[I]n general the veſpers begin a little before ſunſet; the matins at four o'clock in the morning, and the liturgy or communion about nine; and when the vigil, or pernoctation, is performed, that ſervice begins after ſunſet; and there is no ſervice, in the morning following, till the communion.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "Christianity",
          "Christianity"
        ],
        [
          "religious",
          "religious"
        ],
        [
          "normal",
          "normal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "sleeping",
          "sleeping#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hour",
          "hour"
        ],
        [
          "prayer",
          "prayer"
        ],
        [
          "ceremonies",
          "ceremony"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, religion, chiefly Christianity, obsolete) A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "formal",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Christianity",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɜːnɒkˈteɪʃn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɜɹnɑkˈteɪʃ(ə)n/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɜɹˌnɑk-/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/En-us-ncalif-pernoctation.oga"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
      "word": "yöpyminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Übernachtung"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "action of abiding through the night at a location; overnight stay",
      "word": "pernoctación"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "action of walking about at night; instance of this",
      "word": "yövartio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours",
      "word": "yömessu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nočnoje bdénije",
      "sense": "religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ночное бде́ние"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pernoctation"
}

Download raw JSONL data for pernoctation meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.