See paraph on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for paraph meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
{
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"expansion": "Middle English paraf",
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{
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"form": "paraphs",
"tags": [
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{
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{
"_dis": "75 22 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"A flourish made after or below one's signature, originally to prevent forgery."
],
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"flourish",
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],
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],
[
"forgery",
"forgery"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zavǎrtulka",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "завъртулка"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paraphe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Paraphe"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paráf",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пара́ф"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rósčerk",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́счерк"
}
]
},
{
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{
"ref": "2016 October 3, “It’s A Wrap”, in Research Group on Manuscript Evidence",
"text": "Commencing with a C-shaped paraph-sign in the same brown ink, the glosses are linked to their corresponding passages by alphabetic signs comprising single letters in a sequence beginning with a in each margin, moving on to b, c, and d down the page, and, ideally, linking with the same letter in the adjacent column. Such a pairing allows for matching the gloss with the specific location in the text where its comment should be considered.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-paraph-en-noun-bYyr4cQL",
"links": [
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[
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɹəf/",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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}
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{
"args": {
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],
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "paraphing",
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{
"form": "paraphed",
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To add a paraph to; to sign, especially with one's initials."
],
"id": "en-paraph-en-verb-cn7cw3Gw",
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],
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"(transitive) To add a paraph to; to sign, especially with one's initials."
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɹəf/",
"tags": [
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
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}
{
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"expansion": "Medieval Latin paraffus",
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "paragraphe"
},
"expansion": "paragraphe",
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English paraf, from Medieval Latin paraffus or its etymon Middle French paraphe, paraffe, shortening of paragraphe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paraphs",
"tags": [
"plural"
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"args": {},
"expansion": "paraph (plural paraphs)",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A flourish made after or below one's signature, originally to prevent forgery."
],
"links": [
[
"flourish",
"flourish"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
],
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]
]
},
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{
"ref": "2016 October 3, “It’s A Wrap”, in Research Group on Manuscript Evidence",
"text": "Commencing with a C-shaped paraph-sign in the same brown ink, the glosses are linked to their corresponding passages by alphabetic signs comprising single letters in a sequence beginning with a in each margin, moving on to b, c, and d down the page, and, ideally, linking with the same letter in the adjacent column. Such a pairing allows for matching the gloss with the specific location in the text where its comment should be considered.",
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],
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]
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaɹəf/",
"tags": [
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]
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zavǎrtulka",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "завъртулка"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paraphe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Paraphe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paráf",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пара́ф"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rósčerk",
"sense": "flourish after signature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ро́счерк"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"paraph"
],
"word": "paraph"
}
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"English terms derived from Middle French",
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"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
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{
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "paraphs",
"tags": [
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{
"form": "paraphing",
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{
"form": "paraphed",
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"pos": "verb",
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"To add a paraph to; to sign, especially with one's initials."
],
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"(transitive) To add a paraph to; to sign, especially with one's initials."
],
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]
}
],
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],
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.