See pūpūn on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jurchenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "juc",
"2": "伏黑",
"sc": "Hani",
"tr": "fufun",
"ts": "fu-fung"
},
"expansion": "Jurchen: 伏黑 (fufun /fu-fung/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jurchen: 伏黑 (fufun /fu-fung/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu: ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ (fufun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manchu: ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ (fufun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eve",
"2": "хӯнакич",
"3": "хӯнавун"
},
"expansion": "Even: хӯнакич (hūnakic), хӯнавун (hūnawun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *pūnapūn"
},
"expansion": "(< *pūnapūn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Even: хӯнакич (hūnakic), хӯнавун (hūnawun) (< *pūnapūn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "хӯвӯн"
},
"expansion": "Evenki: хӯвӯн (hūwūn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Evenki: хӯвӯн (hūwūn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"2": "ховун",
"tr": "howun"
},
"expansion": "Negidal: ховун (howun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negidal: ховун (howun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orh",
"2": "u:n"
},
"expansion": "Oroqen: u:n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroqen: u:n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-sol",
"2": "ugin",
"3": "ogin"
},
"expansion": "Solon: ugin, ogin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Solon: ugin, ogin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"2": "хӯ",
"tr": "xū"
},
"expansion": "Oroch: хӯ (xū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroch: хӯ (xū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"2": "ху",
"tr": "xu"
},
"expansion": "Udihe: ху (xu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udihe: ху (xu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South-Eastern:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gld",
"2": "попон",
"tr": "popon"
},
"expansion": "Nanai: попон (popon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nanai: попон (popon)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oaa",
"2": "пу́пу́н",
"alt1": "пу́пу́(н)",
"tr": "pụpụ(n)"
},
"expansion": "Orok: пу́пу́(н) (pụpụ(n))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Orok: пу́пу́(н) (pụpụ(n))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulc",
"2": "пӯпун",
"alt1": "пӯпу(н)",
"tr1": "pūpu(n)"
},
"expansion": "Ulch: пӯпу(н) (pūpu(n))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ulch: пӯпу(н) (pūpu(n))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*pupu-",
"3": "*pūn",
"gloss1": "to saw"
},
"expansion": "*pupu- (“to saw”) + *-pūn",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "пʼуф"
},
"expansion": "Nivkh пʼуф (pʼuf)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *pupu- (“to saw”) + *-pūn. However, the expected form would be such *pu(b/p)upūn rather than *pūpūn. According to EDAL, the existing form reflect the verbal stem *pubu- and the derived noun *pubu-pu(n) (with some later confusion because of the loss of *-b-).\nAlmost all of the descendants obviously reflect *pūpūn or *pūbūn. There are also descendants who preserved the stem *pū-.\nCompare also Proto-Nivkh *puv- (“saw”) (Whence Nivkh пʼуф (pʼuf)), likely a Tungusic borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tuw-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnŋī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūndua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūndiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūngiʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnlāki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūntiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūngili",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*pūpūn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tuw-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/pūpūn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Tungusic terms suffixed with *-pūn",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"saw"
],
"id": "en-pūpūn-tuw-pro-noun-38GhiI8B",
"links": [
[
"saw",
"saw"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "sawdust",
"word": "pupumsa"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pūpūn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jurchenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "juc",
"2": "伏黑",
"sc": "Hani",
"tr": "fufun",
"ts": "fu-fung"
},
"expansion": "Jurchen: 伏黑 (fufun /fu-fung/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jurchen: 伏黑 (fufun /fu-fung/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ"
},
"expansion": "Manchu: ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ (fufun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manchu: ᡶ᠋ᡠᡶ᠋ᡠᠨ (fufun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eve",
"2": "хӯнакич",
"3": "хӯнавун"
},
"expansion": "Even: хӯнакич (hūnakic), хӯнавун (hūnawun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *pūnapūn"
},
"expansion": "(< *pūnapūn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Even: хӯнакич (hūnakic), хӯнавун (hūnawun) (< *pūnapūn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "хӯвӯн"
},
"expansion": "Evenki: хӯвӯн (hūwūn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Evenki: хӯвӯн (hūwūn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "neg",
"2": "ховун",
"tr": "howun"
},
"expansion": "Negidal: ховун (howun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negidal: ховун (howun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orh",
"2": "u:n"
},
"expansion": "Oroqen: u:n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroqen: u:n"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-sol",
"2": "ugin",
"3": "ogin"
},
"expansion": "Solon: ugin, ogin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Solon: ugin, ogin"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Tungusic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oac",
"2": "хӯ",
"tr": "xū"
},
"expansion": "Oroch: хӯ (xū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroch: хӯ (xū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ude",
"2": "ху",
"tr": "xu"
},
"expansion": "Udihe: ху (xu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Udihe: ху (xu)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South-Eastern:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gld",
"2": "попон",
"tr": "popon"
},
"expansion": "Nanai: попон (popon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nanai: попон (popon)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oaa",
"2": "пу́пу́н",
"alt1": "пу́пу́(н)",
"tr": "pụpụ(n)"
},
"expansion": "Orok: пу́пу́(н) (pụpụ(n))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Orok: пу́пу́(н) (pụpụ(n))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulc",
"2": "пӯпун",
"alt1": "пӯпу(н)",
"tr1": "pūpu(n)"
},
"expansion": "Ulch: пӯпу(н) (pūpu(n))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ulch: пӯпу(н) (pūpu(n))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*pupu-",
"3": "*pūn",
"gloss1": "to saw"
},
"expansion": "*pupu- (“to saw”) + *-pūn",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "пʼуф"
},
"expansion": "Nivkh пʼуф (pʼuf)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from *pupu- (“to saw”) + *-pūn. However, the expected form would be such *pu(b/p)upūn rather than *pūpūn. According to EDAL, the existing form reflect the verbal stem *pubu- and the derived noun *pubu-pu(n) (with some later confusion because of the loss of *-b-).\nAlmost all of the descendants obviously reflect *pūpūn or *pūbūn. There are also descendants who preserved the stem *pū-.\nCompare also Proto-Nivkh *puv- (“saw”) (Whence Nivkh пʼуф (pʼuf)), likely a Tungusic borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tuw-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnŋī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūndua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūndiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūngiʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūnlāki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūntiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūpūngili",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*pūpūn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tuw-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/pūpūn",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "sawdust",
"word": "pupumsa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tungusic lemmas",
"Proto-Tungusic nouns",
"Proto-Tungusic terms suffixed with *-pūn",
"tuw-pro:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"saw"
],
"links": [
[
"saw",
"saw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pūpūn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pūpūn meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.