See orography on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for orography meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "oro-",
"3": "-graphy",
"gloss1": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "oro- (“mountain”) + -graphy",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "oro- (“mountain”) + -graphy",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orographies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "orography (usually uncountable, plural orographies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geomorphology",
"orig": "en:Geomorphology",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -graphy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Joseph Emerson Worcester, A universal and critical dictionary of the English language: to which are added Walker's Key to the pronunciation of classical and Scripture proper names, much enlarged and improved, and a pronouncing vocabulary of modern geographical names, Boston: Wilkins, Carter, and Company, published 1849, page 501",
"text": "Orography: A description of mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Edward Hitchcock, “The Geology of the Globe”, in Outline of the Geology of the Globe and of the United States in Particular with Sketches of Characteristic American Fossils., Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company, page 10",
"text": "A knowledge of the Hydrography of a country aids as much in determining its geology as does its Orography, — that is, a description of its mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains"
],
"id": "en-orography-en-noun-ecFiET~v",
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "leṙnagrutʿyun",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "լեռնագրություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "oroqrafiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山志學"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānzhìxué",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山志学"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山岳形態學"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyuè xíngtàixué",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山岳形态学"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orographie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Orographie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orografía",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ορογραφία"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oragrafaíocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "çiyazanî"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "orográfija",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра́фия"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра̀фија"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "orogràfija"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografía"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with oro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911, “Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition”, in Africa",
"text": "Morocco was in 1883-1884 the scene of important explorations by de Foucauld, a Frenchman who, disguised as a Jew, crossed and re-crossed the Atlas and supplied the first trustworthy information as to the orography of many parts of the chain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, B. W. Atkinson, “Introduction to the fluid mechanics of meso-scale flow fields”, in A. Gyr, Franz-S. Rys, editors, Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields, page 20",
"text": "Most flows actually occur, of course, over non-uniform orography and consequently in numerical models of such flows it is necessary to transform the coordinates so that the equations accurately represent flows in such terrain (Gal-Chen and Somerville 1975).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Austin Woods, Medium-Range Weather Prediction: The European Approach, page 105",
"text": "The independent scientists of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) expressed concerns about how the spectral model would deal with steep mountains.[…]It was this work that lead to development of the envelope orography outlined below.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the orographic features of a region"
],
"id": "en-orography-en-noun-e0a5WzlK",
"links": [
[
"orographic",
"orographic"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "leṙnagrutʿyun",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"word": "լեռնագրություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxíng",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"word": "地形"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orographie"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orografía",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ορογραφία"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "orográfija",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра́фия"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "relʹjéf",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "релье́ф"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografía"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɒˈɹɒɡɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡɹəfi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orography.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "oreography"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"orography"
],
"word": "orography"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with oro-",
"English terms suffixed with -graphy",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡɹəfi/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "oro-",
"3": "-graphy",
"gloss1": "mountain"
},
"expansion": "oro- (“mountain”) + -graphy",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "oro- (“mountain”) + -graphy",
"forms": [
{
"form": "orographies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "orography (usually uncountable, plural orographies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geomorphology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Joseph Emerson Worcester, A universal and critical dictionary of the English language: to which are added Walker's Key to the pronunciation of classical and Scripture proper names, much enlarged and improved, and a pronouncing vocabulary of modern geographical names, Boston: Wilkins, Carter, and Company, published 1849, page 501",
"text": "Orography: A description of mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Edward Hitchcock, “The Geology of the Globe”, in Outline of the Geology of the Globe and of the United States in Particular with Sketches of Characteristic American Fossils., Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company, page 10",
"text": "A knowledge of the Hydrography of a country aids as much in determining its geology as does its Orography, — that is, a description of its mountains.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains"
],
"links": [
[
"geomorphology",
"geomorphology"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geomorphology) the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"geomorphology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1911, “Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition”, in Africa",
"text": "Morocco was in 1883-1884 the scene of important explorations by de Foucauld, a Frenchman who, disguised as a Jew, crossed and re-crossed the Atlas and supplied the first trustworthy information as to the orography of many parts of the chain.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, B. W. Atkinson, “Introduction to the fluid mechanics of meso-scale flow fields”, in A. Gyr, Franz-S. Rys, editors, Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields, page 20",
"text": "Most flows actually occur, of course, over non-uniform orography and consequently in numerical models of such flows it is necessary to transform the coordinates so that the equations accurately represent flows in such terrain (Gal-Chen and Somerville 1975).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Austin Woods, Medium-Range Weather Prediction: The European Approach, page 105",
"text": "The independent scientists of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) expressed concerns about how the spectral model would deal with steep mountains.[…]It was this work that lead to development of the envelope orography outlined below.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the orographic features of a region"
],
"links": [
[
"orographic",
"orographic"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɒˈɹɒɡɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡɹəfi"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-orography.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-orography.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "oreography"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "leṙnagrutʿyun",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "լեռնագրություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "oroqrafiya"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山志學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānzhìxué",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山志学"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山岳形態學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shānyuè xíngtàixué",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "山岳形态学"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orographie"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Orographie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orografía",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ορογραφία"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oragrafaíocht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"word": "çiyazanî"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "orográfija",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра́фия"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра̀фија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "orogràfija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografía"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "leṙnagrutʿyun",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"word": "լեռնագրություն"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxíng",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"word": "地形"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orographie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "orografía",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ορογραφία"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "orográfija",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "орогра́фия"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "relʹjéf",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "релье́ф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the orographic features of a region",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orografía"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"orography"
],
"word": "orography"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.