See obserwować on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la:observō",
"3": "-ować",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "1578",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1578",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obserwować”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbserwować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian ôbserwować",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować. First attested in 1578. Compare Silesian ôbserwować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "zaobserwować",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "zaobserwować"
},
"expansion": "obserwować impf (perfective zaobserwować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ob‧ser‧wo‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-gmAfJIlD",
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Social media",
"orig": "pl:Social media",
"parents": [
"Internet",
"Mass media",
"Computing",
"Networking",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Technology",
"Society",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 10 29 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)",
"to follow (to subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform)"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-iAInX9HV",
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"social media",
"social media"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
]
],
"qualifier": "social media",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)",
"(transitive, social media) to follow (to subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 25 10 29 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to observe (to comment on something; to make an observation)"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-XR4a9OBd",
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe (to comment on something; to make an observation)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "obserwować"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwowalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poobserwować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "òbserwòwac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: òbserwòwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: òbserwòwac"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la:observō",
"3": "-ować",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "1578",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1578",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obserwować”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbserwować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian ôbserwować",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować. First attested in 1578. Compare Silesian ôbserwować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "obserwować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ob‧ser‧wo‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obserw",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obserwować",
"2": "obserwuję",
"3": "obserwuje",
"4": "obserwują",
"5": "obserwowa",
"6": "obserwowa",
"7": "obserwowa",
"8": "obserwuj",
"ip": "obserwowano",
"pp": "obserwowan",
"pp2": "obserwowani",
"vn": "obserwowanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwacyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwatorski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwacyjnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwatorium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwatorka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "obserwowalność"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 9 7 61 5 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 69 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 25 10 29 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 9 61 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 10 40 9 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to observe (to take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning))"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-jYZ~qt40",
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to observe (to take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning))"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to respect, to have regard for, to honor"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-Aq293eLJ",
"links": [
[
"respect",
"respect"
],
[
"regard",
"regard"
],
[
"honor",
"honor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to respect, to have regard for, to honor"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to observe oneself"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-j4Tia9FY",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to observe oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to behold each other, to observe each other, to watch each other"
],
"id": "en-obserwować-pl-verb-322PMoUR",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"behold",
"behold"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to behold each other, to observe each other, to watch each other"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "obserwować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la:observō",
"3": "-ować",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "1578",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1578",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obserwować”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbserwować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian ôbserwować",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować. First attested in 1578. Compare Silesian ôbserwować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "zaobserwować",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "zaobserwować"
},
"expansion": "obserwować impf (perfective zaobserwować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ob‧ser‧wo‧wać"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)"
],
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs",
"pl:Social media"
],
"glosses": [
"to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)",
"to follow (to subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform)"
],
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
],
[
"social media",
"social media"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
]
],
"qualifier": "social media",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe, to watch (to notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail)",
"(transitive, social media) to follow (to subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to observe (to comment on something; to make an observation)"
],
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to observe (to comment on something; to make an observation)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "obserwować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish adapted borrowings from Latin",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obserwowalny"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "poobserwować"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "òbserwòwac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: òbserwòwac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: òbserwòwac"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la:observō",
"3": "-ować",
"type": "adap"
},
"expansion": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "1578",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1578"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1578",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obserwować”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbserwować"
},
"expansion": "Silesian ôbserwować",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted borrowing of Latin observō + -ować. First attested in 1578. Compare Silesian ôbserwować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą obserwować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie obserwować się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by obserwowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech obserwują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwująca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujący",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwujące",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwując",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "obserwowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "obserwować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ob‧ser‧wo‧wać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obserw",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obserwować",
"2": "obserwuję",
"3": "obserwuje",
"4": "obserwują",
"5": "obserwowa",
"6": "obserwowa",
"7": "obserwowa",
"8": "obserwuj",
"ip": "obserwowano",
"pp": "obserwowan",
"pp2": "obserwowani",
"vn": "obserwowanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "obserwacyjny"
},
{
"word": "obserwatorski"
},
{
"word": "obserwacyjnie"
},
{
"word": "obserwacja"
},
{
"word": "obserwator"
},
{
"word": "obserwatorium"
},
{
"word": "obserwatorka"
},
{
"word": "obserwowalność"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to observe (to take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning))"
],
"links": [
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to observe (to take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning))"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to respect, to have regard for, to honor"
],
"links": [
[
"respect",
"respect"
],
[
"regard",
"regard"
],
[
"honor",
"honor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to respect, to have regard for, to honor"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to observe oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to observe oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to behold each other, to observe each other, to watch each other"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"behold",
"behold"
],
[
"observe",
"observe"
],
[
"watch",
"watch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to behold each other, to observe each other, to watch each other"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔp.sɛrˈvɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "obserwować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obserwować meaning in All languages combined (18.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.