"obelżyć" meaning in All languages combined

See obelżyć on Wiktionary

Verb [Old Polish]

IPA: /ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: obelżać [imperfective]
Etymology: From obe- + *lżyć. First attested in 1420. Etymology templates: {{af|zlw-opl|obe-}} obe-, {{m|zlw-opl||*lżyć}} *lżyć, {{etydate/the|1420}} 1420, {{etydate|1420}} First attested in 1420. Head templates: {{zlw-opl-verb|pf|impf=obelżać}} obelżyć pf (imperfective obelżać)
  1. to reduce, to alleviate, to assuage, to mitigate Tags: perfective Derived forms: obelżenie
    Sense id: en-obelżyć-zlw-opl-verb-FnKHZtll Categories (other): Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish terms prefixed with obe-

Verb [Polish]

IPA: /ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/, /ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɛlʐɨt͡ɕ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć with a semantic shift of to make lighter -> to make light of -> to insult. By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć. The word died out in the middle of the 20th century and came back, suggesting a re-innovation of obelga + -yć. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|obelżyć|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish obelżyć, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|obelżyć}} Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć, {{surf|pl|obe-|lżyć}} By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć, {{af|pl|obelga|-yć}} obelga + -yć Head templates: {{pl-verb|pf|impf=lżyć}} obelżyć pf (imperfective lżyć) Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ap-yć|obelż|pp}}, {{pl-conj-ap|obelżyć|obelżę|obelży|obelżą|obelży|obelży|obelży|obelż|ap=obelżywszy|ip=obelżono|pp=obelżon|pp2=obelżeni|vn=obelżenie}} Forms: lżyć [imperfective], perfective [table-tags], obelżyć [infinitive], obelżę [future, singular], obelżymy [future, plural], obelżysz [future, singular], obelżycie [future, plural], obelży [future, singular, third-person], obelżą [future, plural, third-person], obelży się [future, impersonal], obelżyłem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m obelżył [masculine, past, singular], obelżyłam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m obelżyła [feminine, past, singular], obelżyłom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m obelżyło [neuter, past, singular], obelżyliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy obelżyli [past, plural, virile], obelżyłyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy obelżyły [nonvirile, past, plural], obelżyłeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś obelżył [masculine, past, singular], obelżyłaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś obelżyła [feminine, past, singular], obelżyłoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś obelżyło [neuter, past, singular], obelżyliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście obelżyli [past, plural, virile], obelżyłyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście obelżyły [nonvirile, past, plural], obelżył [masculine, past, singular, third-person], obelżyła [feminine, past, singular, third-person], obelżyło [neuter, past, singular, third-person], obelżyli [past, plural, third-person, virile], obelżyły [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], obelżono [impersonal, past], obelżyłbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym obelżył [conditional, masculine, singular], obelżyłabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym obelżyła [conditional, feminine, singular], obelżyłobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym obelżyło [conditional, neuter, singular], obelżylibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy obelżyli [conditional, plural, virile], obelżyłybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy obelżyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], obelżyłbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś obelżył [conditional, masculine, singular], obelżyłabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś obelżyła [conditional, feminine, singular], obelżyłobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś obelżyło [conditional, neuter, singular], obelżylibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście obelżyli [conditional, plural, virile], obelżyłybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście obelżyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], obelżyłby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by obelżył [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], obelżyłaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by obelżyła [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], obelżyłoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by obelżyło [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], obelżyliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by obelżyli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], obelżyłyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by obelżyły [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], obelżono by [conditional, impersonal], niech obelżę [imperative, singular], obelżmy [imperative, plural], obelż [imperative, singular], obelżcie [imperative, plural], niech obelży [imperative, singular, third-person], niech obelżą [imperative, plural, third-person], obelżony [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], obelżona [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], obelżone [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], obelżeni [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], obelżone [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], obelżywszy [adverbial, anterior, participle], obelżenie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (transitive, colloquial) to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or [+accusative = whom] Tags: colloquial, perfective, transitive Synonyms: zelżyć
    Sense id: en-obelżyć-pl-verb-9TkjPtiM Categories (other): Polish terms prefixed with obe- Disambiguation of Polish terms prefixed with obe-: 50 50
  2. (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be insulted Tags: Middle, Polish, perfective, reflexive
    Sense id: en-obelżyć-pl-verb-DXnR765I Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms prefixed with obe-, Polish terms suffixed with -yć Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 30 70 Disambiguation of Polish terms prefixed with obe-: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -yć: 41 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: obelga

Download JSON data for obelżyć meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "obelżyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: obelżyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: obelżyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "obe-"
      },
      "expansion": "obe-",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "*lżyć",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1420"
      },
      "expansion": "1420",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1420"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1420.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From obe- + *lżyć. First attested in 1420.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "obelżać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "obelżać"
      },
      "expansion": "obelżyć pf (imperfective obelżać)",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish terms prefixed with obe-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "obelżenie"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to reduce, to alleviate, to assuage, to mitigate"
      ],
      "id": "en-obelżyć-zlw-opl-verb-FnKHZtll",
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "alleviate",
          "alleviate"
        ],
        [
          "assuage",
          "assuage"
        ],
        [
          "mitigate",
          "mitigate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "obelżyć"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "obelga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "obelżyć",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish obelżyć",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "obelżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "obe-",
        "3": "lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "obelga",
        "3": "-yć"
      },
      "expansion": "obelga + -yć",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć with a semantic shift of to make lighter -> to make light of -> to insult. By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć. The word died out in the middle of the 20th century and came back, suggesting a re-innovation of obelga + -yć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lżyć",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelży",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelży się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelżę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelż",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelży",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelżą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżywszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "obelżyć pf (imperfective lżyć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "o‧bel‧żyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obelż",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obelżyć",
        "2": "obelżę",
        "3": "obelży",
        "4": "obelżą",
        "5": "obelży",
        "6": "obelży",
        "7": "obelży",
        "8": "obelż",
        "ap": "obelżywszy",
        "ip": "obelżono",
        "pp": "obelżon",
        "pp2": "obelżeni",
        "vn": "obelżenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms prefixed with obe-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or [+accusative = whom]",
        "to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or"
      ],
      "id": "en-obelżyć-pl-verb-9TkjPtiM",
      "links": [
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or [+accusative = whom]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "zelżyć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms prefixed with obe-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -yć",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be insulted"
      ],
      "id": "en-obelżyć-pl-verb-DXnR765I",
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be insulted"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛlʐɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "obelżyć"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "obelżenie"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "obelżyć"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: obelżyć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: obelżyć"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "obe-"
      },
      "expansion": "obe-",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "*lżyć",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1420"
      },
      "expansion": "1420",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1420"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in 1420.",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From obe- + *lżyć. First attested in 1420.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "obelżać",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "obelżać"
      },
      "expansion": "obelżyć pf (imperfective obelżać)",
      "name": "zlw-opl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Polish lemmas",
        "Old Polish perfective verbs",
        "Old Polish terms prefixed with obe-",
        "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old Polish verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to reduce, to alleviate, to assuage, to mitigate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "alleviate",
          "alleviate"
        ],
        [
          "assuage",
          "assuage"
        ],
        [
          "mitigate",
          "mitigate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔbɛlʲʒʲɨt͡ɕ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "obelżyć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 3-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish perfective verbs",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms prefixed with obe-",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -yć",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛlʐɨt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛlʐɨt͡ɕ/3 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "obelga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "obelżyć",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish obelżyć",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "obelżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "obe-",
        "3": "lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "obelga",
        "3": "-yć"
      },
      "expansion": "obelga + -yć",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obelżyć with a semantic shift of to make lighter -> to make light of -> to insult. By surface analysis, obe- + lżyć. The word died out in the middle of the 20th century and came back, suggesting a re-innovation of obelga + -yć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lżyć",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap-yć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżymy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżysz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżycie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelży",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelży się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżylibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżylibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżył",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżyłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by obelżyły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżono by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelżę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelż",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelży",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech obelżą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżony",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżeni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżywszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "obelżenie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "lżyć"
      },
      "expansion": "obelżyć pf (imperfective lżyć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "o‧bel‧żyć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obelż",
        "2": "pp"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap-yć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "obelżyć",
        "2": "obelżę",
        "3": "obelży",
        "4": "obelżą",
        "5": "obelży",
        "6": "obelży",
        "7": "obelży",
        "8": "obelż",
        "ap": "obelżywszy",
        "ip": "obelżono",
        "pp": "obelżon",
        "pp2": "obelżeni",
        "vn": "obelżenie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or [+accusative = whom]",
        "to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to insult (to be insensitive, insolent, or rude to somebody; to affront or demean) [+dative] or [+accusative = whom]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "zelżyć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "perfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be insulted"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "się",
          "się#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "insult",
          "insult"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to be insulted"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with się"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "perfective",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔˈbɛl.ʐɨt͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛlʐɨt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "obelżyć"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.