See novichok on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for novichok meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "новичо́к",
"4": "",
"lit": "newbie, newcomer"
},
"expansion": "Russian новичо́к (novičók, literally “newbie, newcomer”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian новичо́к (novičók, literally “newbie, newcomer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "novichoks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "novichok (countable and uncountable, plural novichoks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Amy E. Smithson, Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Russia: Problems and Prospects, page 60",
"text": "Those still fixated on the problem and not the solution will argue that the United States should take no action on the CWC until Russia “comes clean” about the novichok program under the Memorandum of Understanding.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Mahdi Balali-Mood, Mohammad Abdollahi, editors, Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds, page 14",
"text": "Novichoks are allegedly the deadliest NAs ever produced and are potentially five to eight times more potent than VX.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 March 13, Ian Sample, “Novichok nerve agents – what are they?”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Theresa May has identified the nerve agent used in the attack on Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury as a novichok.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 September 2, “Aleksei Navalny Was Poisoned With Novichok, Germany Says”, in New York Times",
"text": "The poisoning also turned Novichok into something of a Russian calling card.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Pjotr Sauer, “Prigozhin’s death would leave lasting mark on Russian army and elite”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "In an earlier interview with the Guardian, a Kremlin insider said that “in half a year or a year, novichok will catch up with Prigozhin,” a reference to the 2020 poisoning of opposition leader Alexei Navalny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a group of deadly organophosphate nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s to evade restrictions on chemical weapons."
],
"id": "en-novichok-en-noun-t0kwPVX5",
"links": [
[
"organophosphate",
"organophosphate"
],
[
"nerve agent",
"nerve agent"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"chemical weapon",
"chemical weapon"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "CIA codename",
"word": "foliant"
},
{
"word": "Novichok"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "navičók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навічо́к"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōbhicok",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "নোভিচক"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitxok"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "諾維喬克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nuòwéiqiáokè",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "诺维乔克"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitsjok"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitšok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitšok"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitchok"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "novičoḳi",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "ნოვიჩოკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nowitschok"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "novitsók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νοβιτσόκ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novicsok"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nobichoku",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "ノビチョク"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nobichokeu",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "노비초크"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitsjok"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nowiczok"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "novičók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новичо́к"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "noviçok"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "novyčók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новичо́к"
}
]
}
],
"word": "novichok"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "новичо́к",
"4": "",
"lit": "newbie, newcomer"
},
"expansion": "Russian новичо́к (novičók, literally “newbie, newcomer”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian новичо́к (novičók, literally “newbie, newcomer”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "novichoks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "novichok (countable and uncountable, plural novichoks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Weapons"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995, Amy E. Smithson, Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Russia: Problems and Prospects, page 60",
"text": "Those still fixated on the problem and not the solution will argue that the United States should take no action on the CWC until Russia “comes clean” about the novichok program under the Memorandum of Understanding.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Mahdi Balali-Mood, Mohammad Abdollahi, editors, Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds, page 14",
"text": "Novichoks are allegedly the deadliest NAs ever produced and are potentially five to eight times more potent than VX.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 March 13, Ian Sample, “Novichok nerve agents – what are they?”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Theresa May has identified the nerve agent used in the attack on Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury as a novichok.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2020 September 2, “Aleksei Navalny Was Poisoned With Novichok, Germany Says”, in New York Times",
"text": "The poisoning also turned Novichok into something of a Russian calling card.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Pjotr Sauer, “Prigozhin’s death would leave lasting mark on Russian army and elite”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
"text": "In an earlier interview with the Guardian, a Kremlin insider said that “in half a year or a year, novichok will catch up with Prigozhin,” a reference to the 2020 poisoning of opposition leader Alexei Navalny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of a group of deadly organophosphate nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s to evade restrictions on chemical weapons."
],
"links": [
[
"organophosphate",
"organophosphate"
],
[
"nerve agent",
"nerve agent"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
],
[
"chemical weapon",
"chemical weapon"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "CIA codename",
"word": "foliant"
},
{
"word": "Novichok"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "navičók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "навічо́к"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "nōbhicok",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "নোভিচক"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitxok"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "諾維喬克"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nuòwéiqiáokè",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "诺维乔克"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitsjok"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitšok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitšok"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novitchok"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "novičoḳi",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "ნოვიჩოკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Nowitschok"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "novitsók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "νοβιτσόκ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novicsok"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nobichoku",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "ノビチョク"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nobichokeu",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "노비초크"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novitsjok"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nowiczok"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "novičók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новичо́к"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novičok"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "novichok"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"word": "noviçok"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "novyčók",
"sense": "nerve agent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "новичо́к"
}
],
"word": "novichok"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.