"monopsony" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "monopsonic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "monopsonist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "monopsonistic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "monopsonistically"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μόνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "alone, solitary; singular, unique"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, solitary; singular, unique”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀψωνέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to buy fish or victuals in general"
      },
      "expansion": "ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or victuals in general”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-y",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "monopoly"
      },
      "expansion": "monopoly",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀψωνέω"
      },
      "expansion": "ὀψωνέω",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὄψον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "delicacies"
      },
      "expansion": "ὄψον (ópson, “delicacies”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὠνέομαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to buy, purchase"
      },
      "expansion": "ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy, purchase”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, solitary; singular, unique”) + ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or victuals in general”) + -y, modelled after monopoly. ὀψωνέω is from ὄψον (ópson, “delicacies”) + ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy, purchase”). The English word was coined by British classics scholar Bertrand Hallward (1901–2003), and popularized by British economist Joan Robinson (1903–1983) in her book The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933): see the quotation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "monopsonies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "monopsony (plural monopsonies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "mon‧op‧so‧ny"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "monopoly"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Economics",
          "orig": "en:Economics",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -y",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1933, Joan Robinson, “Monopsony”, in The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan and Co., Limited […], →OCLC, section 2, page 219",
          "text": "Our next task is to consider the change in the amount of a commodity purchased when the market changes from an indefinitely large number of competing buyers to a single buying agency. This may be described as the comparison between competitive and monopsony buying, just as the corresponding comparison for selling was called the comparison between competitive and monopoly output.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1971, Martin Bronfenbrenner, “Imperfect Competition and Exploitation”, in Income Distribution Theory (Aldine Treatises in Modern Economics), Chicago, Ill.: Aldine-Atherton; republished Piscataway, N.J.: AldineTransaction, Transaction Publishers, 2007 (2009 (2nd paperback) printing), pages 193–194",
          "text": "It appears to follow that employment, far from falling, may be raised by an adroitly contrived legal minimum wage or collective agreement. Indeed, this proposition is an important one in the theory of both wage regulation and trade unionism. Its applicability is sometimes limited, however, even when monopsony is significant, by the danger that the employer may be driven out of business completely, as when, because of his own irremediable inefficiency or other objective disadvantages, monopsony profit achieved at his workers' expense is the differential between hanging on and outright failure.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Stephen G. Hannaford, “Oligopolies and Oligopsonies”, in Market Domination!: The Impact of Industry Consolidation on Competition, Innovation, and Consumer Choice, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 15",
          "text": "Examples of monopsonies are few. One limited monopsony is the U.S. federal government, which orders certain defense and security systems often with the condition that it be the sole client to be delivered the product, thus a monopsony. […] Indeed, any government is a natural monopsony, at least in some areas. Absolutist, state-run economies, like [Joseph] Stalin's Soviet Union or North Korea, are dominated by monopolies and monopsonies, which often are granted to cronies by those in power. […] In today's commercial markets, there are next to no true large monopsonies.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Roger D. Blair, Jeffrey L. Harrison, “The Antitrust Laws and Monopsonistic Forms of Conduct”, in Monopsony in Law and Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, section 2.4 (A Taxonomy of Monopsony Cases), page 29",
          "text": "For purposes of evaluating monopsony cases from the standpoint of economic efficiency, it makes sense to adopt a \"purpose\"-oriented classification system. After all, all monopsony cases can be reduced to either a unilateral or collusive use of buying power in order to promote the interests of the buyer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product."
      ],
      "id": "en-monopsony-en-noun-NDKYNzcP",
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation"
        ],
        [
          "buyer",
          "buyer"
        ],
        [
          "product",
          "product"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "economics",
        "science",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "monopsonia",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "մոնոպսոնիա"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsoniya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsonio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "monopson",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "монопсон"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "買方壟斷"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mǎifānglǒngduàn",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "买方垄断"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "獨買"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dúmǎi",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "独买"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "買方獨佔"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "mǎifāngdúzhàn",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "买方独占"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsonio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "monopsónio",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "μονοψώνιο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "מונופסון"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopszónia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "einkeypi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "alt": "じゅようどくせん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "juyō dokusen",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "需要独占"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "monopsoniä",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "монопсония"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "aek kak yeak pheap",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "ឯកកយភាព"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "monopsoniya",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "монопсония"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsons"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "انحصار خرید"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsônio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsónio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "monopsónija",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "монопсо́ния"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "мо̏нопсон"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mȍnopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "monopsonio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "monopsoni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopson"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "monopsonija",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "монопсонія"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
          "word": "monopsoniya"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Economics",
          "orig": "en:Economics",
          "parents": [
            "Social sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1978, Roger K. Chisholm, Marilu Hurt McCarty, Principles of Microeconomics, Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, page 344",
          "text": "The result is different when the resource buyer is a monopsony. The monopsony firm is a single buyer, and therefore it faces the market supply curve.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 March 15, “Turn it off: American regulators should block Comcast’s proposed deal with Time Warner Cable”, in The Economist, volume 410, number 8878, archived from the original on 2014-03-14",
          "text": "If the takeover is approved, Comcast would control 20 of the top 25 cable markets,[…]. Antitrust officials will need to consider Comcast’s status as a monopsony (a buyer with disproportionate power), when it comes to negotiations with programmers, whose channels it pays to carry.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 November 4, Christian Wolmar, “Hubble trouble: we need co-operation on innovation...”, in Rail, page 49",
          "text": "Network Rail is a monopsony (the sole buyer in a particular market) and must be careful not to exploit that position.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A buyer with disproportionate power."
      ],
      "id": "en-monopsony-en-noun-d71YYi5w",
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
        ],
        [
          "disproportionate",
          "disproportionate"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) A buyer with disproportionate power."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "economics",
        "science",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/məˈnɒpsəni/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/məˈnɑpsəni/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-monopsony.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-us-monopsony.ogg/En-us-monopsony.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/En-us-monopsony.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Bertrand Hallward",
    "Joan Robinson"
  ],
  "word": "monopsony"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms suffixed with -y",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "monopsonic"
    },
    {
      "word": "monopsonist"
    },
    {
      "word": "monopsonistic"
    },
    {
      "word": "monopsonistically"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μόνος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "alone, solitary; singular, unique"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, solitary; singular, unique”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀψωνέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to buy fish or victuals in general"
      },
      "expansion": "ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or victuals in general”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "-y",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "monopoly"
      },
      "expansion": "monopoly",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὀψωνέω"
      },
      "expansion": "ὀψωνέω",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὄψον",
        "3": "",
        "4": "delicacies"
      },
      "expansion": "ὄψον (ópson, “delicacies”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ὠνέομαι",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to buy, purchase"
      },
      "expansion": "ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy, purchase”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, solitary; singular, unique”) + ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to buy fish or victuals in general”) + -y, modelled after monopoly. ὀψωνέω is from ὄψον (ópson, “delicacies”) + ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “to buy, purchase”). The English word was coined by British classics scholar Bertrand Hallward (1901–2003), and popularized by British economist Joan Robinson (1903–1983) in her book The Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933): see the quotation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "monopsonies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "monopsony (plural monopsonies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "mon‧op‧so‧ny"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "monopoly"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Economics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1933, Joan Robinson, “Monopsony”, in The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan and Co., Limited […], →OCLC, section 2, page 219",
          "text": "Our next task is to consider the change in the amount of a commodity purchased when the market changes from an indefinitely large number of competing buyers to a single buying agency. This may be described as the comparison between competitive and monopsony buying, just as the corresponding comparison for selling was called the comparison between competitive and monopoly output.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1971, Martin Bronfenbrenner, “Imperfect Competition and Exploitation”, in Income Distribution Theory (Aldine Treatises in Modern Economics), Chicago, Ill.: Aldine-Atherton; republished Piscataway, N.J.: AldineTransaction, Transaction Publishers, 2007 (2009 (2nd paperback) printing), pages 193–194",
          "text": "It appears to follow that employment, far from falling, may be raised by an adroitly contrived legal minimum wage or collective agreement. Indeed, this proposition is an important one in the theory of both wage regulation and trade unionism. Its applicability is sometimes limited, however, even when monopsony is significant, by the danger that the employer may be driven out of business completely, as when, because of his own irremediable inefficiency or other objective disadvantages, monopsony profit achieved at his workers' expense is the differential between hanging on and outright failure.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Stephen G. Hannaford, “Oligopolies and Oligopsonies”, in Market Domination!: The Impact of Industry Consolidation on Competition, Innovation, and Consumer Choice, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 15",
          "text": "Examples of monopsonies are few. One limited monopsony is the U.S. federal government, which orders certain defense and security systems often with the condition that it be the sole client to be delivered the product, thus a monopsony. […] Indeed, any government is a natural monopsony, at least in some areas. Absolutist, state-run economies, like [Joseph] Stalin's Soviet Union or North Korea, are dominated by monopolies and monopsonies, which often are granted to cronies by those in power. […] In today's commercial markets, there are next to no true large monopsonies.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, Roger D. Blair, Jeffrey L. Harrison, “The Antitrust Laws and Monopsonistic Forms of Conduct”, in Monopsony in Law and Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, section 2.4 (A Taxonomy of Monopsony Cases), page 29",
          "text": "For purposes of evaluating monopsony cases from the standpoint of economic efficiency, it makes sense to adopt a \"purpose\"-oriented classification system. After all, all monopsony cases can be reduced to either a unilateral or collusive use of buying power in order to promote the interests of the buyer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
        ],
        [
          "market",
          "market#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "situation",
          "situation"
        ],
        [
          "buyer",
          "buyer"
        ],
        [
          "product",
          "product"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "economics",
        "science",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Economics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1978, Roger K. Chisholm, Marilu Hurt McCarty, Principles of Microeconomics, Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, page 344",
          "text": "The result is different when the resource buyer is a monopsony. The monopsony firm is a single buyer, and therefore it faces the market supply curve.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014 March 15, “Turn it off: American regulators should block Comcast’s proposed deal with Time Warner Cable”, in The Economist, volume 410, number 8878, archived from the original on 2014-03-14",
          "text": "If the takeover is approved, Comcast would control 20 of the top 25 cable markets,[…]. Antitrust officials will need to consider Comcast’s status as a monopsony (a buyer with disproportionate power), when it comes to negotiations with programmers, whose channels it pays to carry.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020 November 4, Christian Wolmar, “Hubble trouble: we need co-operation on innovation...”, in Rail, page 49",
          "text": "Network Rail is a monopsony (the sole buyer in a particular market) and must be careful not to exploit that position.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A buyer with disproportionate power."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "economics",
          "economics"
        ],
        [
          "disproportionate",
          "disproportionate"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(economics) A buyer with disproportionate power."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "economics",
        "science",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/məˈnɒpsəni/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/məˈnɑpsəni/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monopsony.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-monopsony.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/En-us-monopsony.ogg/En-us-monopsony.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/En-us-monopsony.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "monopsonia",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "մոնոպսոնիա"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsoniya"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsonio"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "monopson",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "монопсон"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "買方壟斷"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mǎifānglǒngduàn",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "买方垄断"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "獨買"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dúmǎi",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "独买"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "買方獨佔"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "mǎifāngdúzhàn",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "买方独占"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsonio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsone"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonio"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "monopsónio",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "μονοψώνιο"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "מונופסון"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopszónia"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "einkeypi"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonio"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じゅようどくせん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "juyō dokusen",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "需要独占"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "monopsoniä",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "монопсония"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "aek kak yeak pheap",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "ឯកកយភាព"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "monopsoniya",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "монопсония"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonium"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsons"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "انحصار خرید"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsônio"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsónio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "monopsónija",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "монопсо́ния"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "мо̏нопсон"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mȍnopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "monopsonio"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "monopsoni"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopson"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "monopsonija",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "монопсонія"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "market situation in which there is only buyer for a product",
      "word": "monopsoniya"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Bertrand Hallward",
    "Joan Robinson"
  ],
  "word": "monopsony"
}