See mạ on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Female",
"orig": "vi:Female",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*s-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*maʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "seed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *maʔ (“seed”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon ma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "မ",
"3": "",
"4": "seed, kernel",
"tr": "mɛ̀ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Mon မ (mɛ̀ˀ, “seed, kernel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*hamaa",
"3": "",
"4": "seed; breed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *hamaa (“seed; breed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "mma"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh mma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *maʔ (“seed”); cognate with Old Mon ma (modern Mon မ (mɛ̀ˀ, “seed, kernel”), Proto-Katuic *hamaa (“seed; breed”) (whence Pacoh mma) and possibly Semelai smaʔ (\"person\").\nCompare also the má element in giống má, lúa má, thuế má.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𣟭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𥡗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𥢂",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 45 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 46 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 44 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "vi:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rice seedlings"
],
"id": "en-mạ-vi-noun-dHqr9R4J",
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seedlings",
"seedlings"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Female",
"orig": "vi:Female",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Ultimately a nursery word.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "mạ",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mạ",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 45 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 46 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 72 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Parents",
"orig": "vi:Parents",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 44 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "vi:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mother; mom"
],
"id": "en-mạ-vi-noun-xD-pbBD~",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"mom",
"mom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Vietnam) mother; mom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bầm"
},
{
"word": "u"
},
{
"word": "đẻ"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "má"
},
{
"word": "mệ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Female",
"orig": "vi:Female",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "鎷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "鎷"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (鎷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鎷"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (鎷)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 33 58",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Metals",
"orig": "vi:Metals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 44 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "vi:Plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to gild",
"text": "mạ vàng",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plate (with a metal)"
],
"id": "en-mạ-vi-verb-Wbpmn9~S",
"links": [
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Metals",
"vi:Parents",
"vi:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*s-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*maʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "seed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *maʔ (“seed”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "ma"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon ma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "မ",
"3": "",
"4": "seed, kernel",
"tr": "mɛ̀ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Mon မ (mɛ̀ˀ, “seed, kernel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-kat-pro",
"2": "*hamaa",
"3": "",
"4": "seed; breed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Katuic *hamaa (“seed; breed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pac",
"2": "mma"
},
"expansion": "Pacoh mma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *maʔ (“seed”); cognate with Old Mon ma (modern Mon မ (mɛ̀ˀ, “seed, kernel”), Proto-Katuic *hamaa (“seed; breed”) (whence Pacoh mma) and possibly Semelai smaʔ (\"person\").\nCompare also the má element in giống má, lúa má, thuế má.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𣟭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𥡗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𥢂",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (𣟭, 𥡗, 𥢂)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rice seedlings"
],
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seedlings",
"seedlings"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Metals",
"vi:Parents",
"vi:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Ultimately a nursery word.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "mạ",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mạ",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Central Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"mother; mom"
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"mom",
"mom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Vietnam) mother; mom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bầm"
},
{
"word": "u"
},
{
"word": "đẻ"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "má"
},
{
"word": "mệ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Metals",
"vi:Parents",
"vi:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "鎷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "鎷"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (鎷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "鎷"
},
"expansion": "mạ • (鎷)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to gild",
"text": "mạ vàng",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plate (with a metal)"
],
"links": [
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˨ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩ʔ]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˨]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-mạ.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%E1%BA%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mạ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mạ meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.