See llum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "A formation of lym with expressive anlaut, which in its turn has caused the velarization of the following vowel.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "llum m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "llum m",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-llum-sq-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*léwksmn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan lum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum, from Latin lūmen (compare Spanish lumbre), from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”). Compare Occitan lum, Spanish lumbre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "llum f (plural llums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "ca:Light",
"parents": [
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "any llum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light"
],
"id": "en-llum-ca-noun-macCYXLU",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʎum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*léwksmn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan lum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum, from Latin lūmen (compare Spanish lumbre), from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”). Compare Occitan lum, Spanish lumbre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "llum m (plural llums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "enllumenar"
},
{
"word": "llum posterior"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lamp"
],
"id": "en-llum-ca-noun-yY6F8kkA",
"links": [
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lluir"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "làmpada"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʎum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "il-jum",
"lit": "the day"
},
"expansion": "Contraction of il-jum (literally “the day”)",
"name": "contraction"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اَلْيَوْمَ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اَلْيَوْمَ (al-yawma)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of il-jum (literally “the day”), from Arabic اَلْيَوْمَ (al-yawma).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "llum",
"name": "mt-adverb"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"today (on the current day)"
],
"id": "en-llum-mt-adv-1fvfRrT8",
"links": [
[
"today",
"today"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"after a consonant",
"after a pause"
],
"tags": [
"also"
],
"word": "illum"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/(ɪ)lˈluːm/"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"etymology_text": "A formation of lym with expressive anlaut, which in its turn has caused the velarization of the following vowel.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "llum m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "llum m",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um/1 syllable",
"ca:Light"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "any llum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*léwksmn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan lum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum, from Latin lūmen (compare Spanish lumbre), from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”). Compare Occitan lum, Spanish lumbre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "llum f (plural llums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"light"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʎum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
"Catalan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um/1 syllable",
"ca:Light"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "enllumenar"
},
{
"word": "llum posterior"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūmen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*léwksmn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan lum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lumbre"
},
"expansion": "Spanish lumbre",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan lum, from Latin lūmen (compare Spanish lumbre), from Proto-Indo-European *léwksmn̥, derived from the root *lewk- (“bright”). Compare Occitan lum, Spanish lumbre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "llums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "llum m (plural llums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lluir"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "làmpada"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈʎum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Unjoanqualsevol-llum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "il-jum",
"lit": "the day"
},
"expansion": "Contraction of il-jum (literally “the day”)",
"name": "contraction"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "اَلْيَوْمَ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic اَلْيَوْمَ (al-yawma)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contraction of il-jum (literally “the day”), from Arabic اَلْيَوْمَ (al-yawma).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "llum",
"name": "mt-adverb"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese adverbs",
"Maltese contractions",
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese terms derived from Arabic",
"Maltese terms inherited from Arabic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"today (on the current day)"
],
"links": [
[
"today",
"today"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/(ɪ)lˈluːm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"after a consonant",
"after a pause"
],
"tags": [
"also"
],
"word": "illum"
}
],
"word": "llum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for llum meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.