See linum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for linum meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linoides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līnea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līnifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līnificus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līniger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līnārius"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "li",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: li",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: li"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ljin",
"3": "ljinu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ljin, ljinu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ljin, ljinu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llinu",
"3": "ḷḷinu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llinu, ḷḷinu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llinu, ḷḷinu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lli"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "linoleum",
"3": "lino",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: linoleum, lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: linoleum, lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "French: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lino"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "ľin"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: ľin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: ľin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "lîn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: lîn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: lîn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "lỹo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lỹo, lynno\nGalician: liño\nPortuguese: linho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lỹo, lynno\nGalician: liño\nPortuguese: linho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "in"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "linu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: linu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: linu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "linu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: linu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: linu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lino"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Linum"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: Linum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Linum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llin"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*līnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *līnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*līnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *līnom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līne",
"t": "line, rope, cord"
},
"expansion": "Old English līne (“line, rope, cord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*līną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *līną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίνον"
},
"expansion": "λίνον (línon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linas"
},
"expansion": "linas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лён",
"sc": "Cyrl"
},
"expansion": "лён (ljon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lino-"
},
"expansion": "*lino-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*linnā"
},
"expansion": "*linnā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linteum"
},
"expansion": "linteum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lei-",
"t": "to flow, pour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to flow, pour”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *līnom, likely from Proto-Indo-European *līnom.\nCognates include Old English līne (“line, rope, cord”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein) and other derivatives of Proto-Germanic *līną, although Pokorny proposed it is a borrowing from Latin.\nAlthough Greek λίνον (línon), Lithuanian linas, Russian лён (ljon) are sometimes listed as cognates, they actually derive from *lino- with a short /i/.\nCeltic and Albanian words for linen probably derive from Latin, although Celtic languages retained possibly related cloth terms with a short /i/ (see *linnā).\nConsidering also the existence of a Latin root with a short /i/ and a /t/ (linteum), reconstruction of a common PIE protoform is impossible, and no similarly sounding terms are attested outside of Europe.\nIf such roots were borrowed from one or several non-IE languages, as proposed by Machek, locating the source is impossible because cultivation of linen was ubiquitous in the region since the Neolithic.\nAlternatively, Fick proposed derivation as a passive past participle from Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to flow, pour”) because flax is soaked in water during its retting.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "līnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "līnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "līnum n (genitive līnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "līnum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneāris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "līneola"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteāmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteolum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linteolus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 14 20 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-TOWLNNis",
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 52 29 7 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 14 20 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"linen cloth; garment made of linen"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-SNsyNZNv",
"links": [
[
"linen",
"linen"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"garment",
"garment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 14 20 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.239–240",
"text": "fēsta diēs illīs, quī līna madentia dūcunt,\nquīque tegunt parvīs aera recurva cibīs\nThe day [is] a festival for those who pull [their] dripping lines, and who hide [their] hooked bronze in little bits [of] food.\n(In other words, a holiday for fishermen, whose hooks are drawn with dripping lines. Although fishermen also use dripping nets, in that case rētia madentia would seem more likely word choices.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rope, line, string, thread, cord, cable"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-4yld~0sN",
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "chorda"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "cōpula"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "fūnis"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "mītra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "restis"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "retināculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 81 4 7 0",
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "rudēns"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 14 20 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"net for hunting or fishing"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-LJL2jjYL",
"links": [
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"fishing",
"fishing"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 20 14 20 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wick of a lamp"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-IXAY7ZA9",
"links": [
[
"wick",
"wick"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sail"
],
"id": "en-linum-la-noun-0DUKYGTe",
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲiːnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliːnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:linum"
],
"word": "linum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "linums",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "linum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o linum!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o linums!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "linumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "linums",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "linum (nominative plural linums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "linum (nominative plural linums)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"id": "en-linum-vo-noun-TOWLNNis",
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈnum/"
}
],
"word": "linum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "linoides"
},
{
"word": "linteum"
},
{
"word": "linteus"
},
{
"word": "līnea"
},
{
"word": "līneus"
},
{
"word": "līnifer"
},
{
"word": "līnificus"
},
{
"word": "līniger"
},
{
"word": "līnārius"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "li",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: li",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: li"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ljin",
"3": "ljinu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: ljin, ljinu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: ljin, ljinu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llinu",
"3": "ḷḷinu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llinu, ḷḷinu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llinu, ḷḷinu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lli"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: lli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: lli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "linoleum",
"3": "lino",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: linoleum, lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: linoleum, lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "French: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lino"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "ľin"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: ľin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: ľin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "lîn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: lîn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: lîn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "lỹo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lỹo, lynno\nGalician: liño\nPortuguese: linho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lỹo, lynno\nGalician: liño\nPortuguese: linho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "in"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: in",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: in"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "linu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: linu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: linu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "linu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: linu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: linu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lino"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lino",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lino"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Linum"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: Linum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Linum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lin"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lin"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llin"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: llin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: llin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*līnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *līnom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*līnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *līnom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "līne",
"t": "line, rope, cord"
},
"expansion": "Old English līne (“line, rope, cord”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*līną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *līną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίνον"
},
"expansion": "λίνον (línon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linas"
},
"expansion": "linas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лён",
"sc": "Cyrl"
},
"expansion": "лён (ljon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lino-"
},
"expansion": "*lino-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*linnā"
},
"expansion": "*linnā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "linteum"
},
"expansion": "linteum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lei-",
"t": "to flow, pour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to flow, pour”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *līnom, likely from Proto-Indo-European *līnom.\nCognates include Old English līne (“line, rope, cord”), Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 (lein) and other derivatives of Proto-Germanic *līną, although Pokorny proposed it is a borrowing from Latin.\nAlthough Greek λίνον (línon), Lithuanian linas, Russian лён (ljon) are sometimes listed as cognates, they actually derive from *lino- with a short /i/.\nCeltic and Albanian words for linen probably derive from Latin, although Celtic languages retained possibly related cloth terms with a short /i/ (see *linnā).\nConsidering also the existence of a Latin root with a short /i/ and a /t/ (linteum), reconstruction of a common PIE protoform is impossible, and no similarly sounding terms are attested outside of Europe.\nIf such roots were borrowed from one or several non-IE languages, as proposed by Machek, locating the source is impossible because cultivation of linen was ubiquitous in the region since the Neolithic.\nAlternatively, Fick proposed derivation as a passive past participle from Proto-Indo-European *lei- (“to flow, pour”) because flax is soaked in water during its retting.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līnum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "līnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "līnum<2>"
},
"expansion": "līnum n (genitive līnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "līnum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "līneālis"
},
{
"word": "līneāmentum"
},
{
"word": "līneāris"
},
{
"word": "līneārius"
},
{
"word": "līneātiō"
},
{
"word": "līneō"
},
{
"word": "līneola"
},
{
"word": "linteāmen"
},
{
"word": "linteārius"
},
{
"word": "linteātus"
},
{
"word": "linteō"
},
{
"word": "linteolum"
},
{
"word": "linteolus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"linen cloth; garment made of linen"
],
"links": [
[
"linen",
"linen"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"garment",
"garment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.239–240",
"text": "fēsta diēs illīs, quī līna madentia dūcunt,\nquīque tegunt parvīs aera recurva cibīs\nThe day [is] a festival for those who pull [their] dripping lines, and who hide [their] hooked bronze in little bits [of] food.\n(In other words, a holiday for fishermen, whose hooks are drawn with dripping lines. Although fishermen also use dripping nets, in that case rētia madentia would seem more likely word choices.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rope, line, string, thread, cord, cable"
],
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"line",
"line"
],
[
"string",
"string"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"net for hunting or fishing"
],
"links": [
[
"net",
"net"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"fishing",
"fishing"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wick of a lamp"
],
"links": [
[
"wick",
"wick"
],
[
"lamp",
"lamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sail"
],
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.num/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲiːnʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.num/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliːnum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "chorda"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "cōpula"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "fūnis"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "mītra"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "restis"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "retināculum"
},
{
"sense": "rope, cord",
"word": "rudēns"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:linum"
],
"word": "linum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "linums",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "linum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linume",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o linum!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o linums!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "linumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "linums",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "linum (nominative plural linums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "linum (nominative plural linums)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns",
"Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"flax"
],
"links": [
[
"flax",
"flax"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈnum/"
}
],
"word": "linum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.