See liþen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "līþan",
"t": "to go, travel, sail, be bereft of"
},
"expansion": "Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*līþan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *līþan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*līþaną",
"t": "to go, leave, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyt-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, depart, die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "lyen"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian lyen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lijden",
"3": "",
"4": "to suffer, dree, abide"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leiden",
"3": "",
"4": "to suffer, brook, permit"
},
"expansion": "German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”), from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”).\nCognate with North Frisian lyen, lije (“to suffer”), Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”), German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”). See also lode, lead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "liðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "liððen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "liþen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liþ",
"2": "liþ",
"3": "laþ",
"4": "liþ",
"5": "liþ",
"class": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liþ"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sail, travel by sea"
],
"id": "en-liþen-enm-verb-XDi3uCcp",
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of a ship) to sail, travel by sea"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a ship"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to journey, travel, depart"
],
"id": "en-liþen-enm-verb-Q4PtxrXL",
"links": [
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"depart",
"depart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English) to journey, travel, depart"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go, come, walk"
],
"id": "en-liþen-enm-verb-yQRUHo8y",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"walk",
"walk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English) to go, come, walk"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fly"
],
"id": "en-liþen-enm-verb-VbVz4JiY",
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of projectiles) to fly"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of projectiles"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 11 11 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 12 8 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come about, develop, exist"
],
"id": "en-liþen-enm-verb-OpYFKM4T",
"links": [
[
"come about",
"come about"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of love) to come about, develop, exist"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of love"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "liþen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "līþan",
"t": "to go, travel, sail, be bereft of"
},
"expansion": "Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*līþan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *līþan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*līþaną",
"t": "to go, leave, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyt-",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, depart, die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "lyen"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian lyen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lijden",
"3": "",
"4": "to suffer, dree, abide"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "leiden",
"3": "",
"4": "to suffer, brook, permit"
},
"expansion": "German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”), from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”).\nCognate with North Frisian lyen, lije (“to suffer”), Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”), German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”). See also lode, lead.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liþynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yliþed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "liðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "liððen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "liþen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liþ",
"2": "liþ",
"3": "laþ",
"4": "liþ",
"5": "liþ",
"class": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liþ"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to sail, travel by sea"
],
"links": [
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of a ship) to sail, travel by sea"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a ship"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to journey, travel, depart"
],
"links": [
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"depart",
"depart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English) to journey, travel, depart"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to go, come, walk"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"walk",
"walk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English) to go, come, walk"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to fly"
],
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of projectiles) to fly"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of projectiles"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to come about, develop, exist"
],
"links": [
[
"come about",
"come about"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, Early Middle English, of love) to come about, develop, exist"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of love"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "liþen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for liþen meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (85b9f46 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.