See leonine on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for leonine meaning in All languages combined (31.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leoninely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leonine share"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iHnos"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "characteristic of a lion, lionlike"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Old French leonin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus",
"t": "of or pertaining to a lion"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leō",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "leō (“lion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέων",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”), from Old French leonin, and from its etymon Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”), from leō (“lion”) (from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”); further etymology uncertain) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more leonine",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most leonine",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leonine (comparative more leonine, superlative most leonine)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His leonine face scared the young children.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Sean Dooley, “23 March, Gluepot Reserve, SA”, in The Big Twitch: One Man, One Continent, a Race against Time—A True Story about Birdwatching, Crows Nest, Sydney, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, page 124",
"text": "He [John B. Cox] is the birdwatching equivalent of a great hunter, striding along the edge of the swamp with an almost leonine confidence, his large hands gripping his binoculars like a gunslinger wields a Colt 45.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike."
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-adj-jPhP45TO",
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"lion",
"lion#Noun"
],
[
"lionlike",
"lionlike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lionesque"
},
{
"word": "lionly"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "en:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 34 7 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical currencies",
"orig": "en:Historical currencies",
"parents": [
"Currencies",
"Currency",
"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leonine facies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1874 September 15, “Catholic Heroism”, in The Illustrated Monitor: Organ of the Confraternity of the Sacred Christ and Agony of Our Lord, […], volume I, number 2, Dublin: Joseph Dollard, […], published 1875, →OCLC, page 22, column 1",
"text": "The most terrible variety of this hideous evil is the leonine leprosy, so called because the head of the sufferer resembles that of a lion.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, James Nevins Hyde, “Neoplastic”, in A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry C[harles] Lea’s Son & Co., →OCLC, class IX (Of the Skin with Involvement of Other Organs), page 431",
"text": "From syphilis, which is also a disease whose lesions are polymorphic in character, lepra can be distinguished by […] the characteristic leonine facies of its tubercular forms.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1890 November, “Leprosy in Louisiana—Necessity of Providing for Lepers”, in New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XVIII (New Series), number 5, New Orleans, La.: L. Graham & Son, […], →OCLC, page 396",
"text": "A careful examination showed that the man was suffering from leprosy in an advanced stage; his face had the leonine expression, and the husky voice doubtless indicated that the disease had invaded the larynx.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Elinor Lieber, “Old Testament ‘Leprosy’, Contagion and Sin”, in Lawrence I[rvin] Conrad, Dominik Wujastyk, editors, Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies, Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, published 2017, part III (Middle East and Europe), page 129",
"text": "However, a head of Bes on an anthropomorphic clay vessel, dating from around 1300 bc, has been found in an Egyptian temple in Canaan, and it has been claimed that its leonine facies shows signs of advanced lepromatous leprosy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.",
"Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies."
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-adj-qXAIOc34",
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"lion",
"lion#Noun"
],
[
"lionlike",
"lionlike"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"facies",
"facies#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"features",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"result",
"result#Noun"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"leprosy",
"leprosy"
],
[
"causes",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"leontiasis",
"leontiasis#English"
],
[
"medical condition",
"medical condition"
],
[
"characterize",
"characterize"
],
[
"overgrowth",
"overgrowth"
],
[
"cranial",
"cranial"
],
[
"bones",
"bone#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.",
"(pathology) Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lionesque"
},
{
"word": "lionly"
}
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a facies: resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease; of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies",
"word": "leijonamainen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lǎvski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "лъвски"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lleoní"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lví"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "løve-"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leeuwen-"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leona"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leijonamainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "léonin"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "Löwen-"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "löwenartig"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leoninus"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "singa"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "kesingaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lionagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leónico"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lʹvínyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "льви́ный"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lévovyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "ле́вовий"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "levýnyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "леви́ний"
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Leonine City"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Leonine verse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Leo",
"t": "man’s name"
},
"expansion": "Leo (“man’s name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leo",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "leo (“lion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poetry",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "611",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 611",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).\nSense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "leonine (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 16 41 11 19 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 18 38 10 23 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 35 7 12 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Coins",
"orig": "en:Coins",
"parents": [
"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 34 7 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical currencies",
"orig": "en:Historical currencies",
"parents": [
"Currencies",
"Currency",
"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 44 10 18 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Panthers",
"orig": "en:Panthers",
"parents": [
"Felids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “The Nineteenth and Twentieth Days. […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 319",
"text": "The Nineteenth and Tvventieth Days vvere ſpent in ſeeing the Monuments of the Leonine City, the Vatican Church, the Palace and Library.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo; specifically (in Leonine City), to Pope Leo IV (790–855) who ordered the building of a wall around Vatican Hill to protect what is now Vatican City."
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-adj-IwjV3oYx",
"links": [
[
"popes",
"pope#Noun"
],
[
"named",
"name#Verb"
],
[
"Leo",
"Leo#Proper noun"
],
[
"Leonine City",
"Leonine City"
],
[
"ordered",
"order#Verb"
],
[
"building",
"build#Verb"
],
[
"wall",
"wall#Noun"
],
[
"Vatican Hill",
"Vatican Hill"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"Vatican City",
"Vatican City"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo",
"word": "Leon"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poetry",
"orig": "en:Poetry",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Literature",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leonine rhyme",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “My Journey to Siena; […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 403",
"text": "In the Church of St. Dominick is a ſmall Picture of the Bleſſed Virgin, vvith the Infant JESUS in her Arms, vvell painted, and yet, appears to have been done in the Iron Age of Painting and other Arts, by the follovving verses, vvrit under it. […] Theſe Leonine Verſes, as plainly appears by them, expreſs a Senſe contrary to the Intention of the VVriter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme); also (by extension), of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme."
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-adj-en:poetry",
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#Adjective"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#Adjective"
],
[
"verse",
"verse#Noun"
],
[
"alternative",
"alternate#Adjective"
],
[
"hexameter",
"hexameter"
],
[
"pentameter",
"pentameter"
],
[
"rhyming",
"rhyme#Verb"
],
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"end",
"end#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"internal rhyme",
"internal rhyme"
],
[
"modern",
"modern#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) Being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme); also (by extension), of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme."
],
"senseid": [
"en:poetry"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "21 79",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse; of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme",
"word": "leoniininen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Leonine"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Léonin",
"Pope Leo II"
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Leo",
"t": "man’s name"
},
"expansion": "Leo (“man’s name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leo",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "leo (“lion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "²",
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},
{
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"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "poetry",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "611",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 611",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).\nSense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leonines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leonine (plural leonines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Poetry",
"orig": "en:Poetry",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Literature",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 35 7 12 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Coins",
"orig": "en:Coins",
"parents": [
"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 34 7 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical currencies",
"orig": "en:Historical currencies",
"parents": [
"Currencies",
"Currency",
"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1715, “Canto III”, in The Miller of Trompington: being an Exercise upon Chaucer’s Reeve’s Tale, London: […] Jonas Brown, […]; and sold by J[ames] Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 44–45",
"text": "A[llen]. The Clink of Syllables call'd Rymes, / Brought in ith' barb'rous Runick times, / To ſober Criticks ſeems to be / A paultry part of Poetry, / Becoming Monkiſh dull Divines, / VVho traded much in Leonines. / J[ohn]. Altho' to ſpoil I ſhould be ſorry, / An undergraduate Antiquary, / Yet I'll produce a Line or tvvo / Of Leonines in Cicero, / Before the Monks long time ago.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1771 December, “Illustration of the Inscription on Sir W[illiam] Browne’s Monument. […] Continued from Our Last. The Notes.”, in The Town and Country Magazine; or, Universal Repository of Knowledge, Instruction, and Entertainment, volume III, London: […] A[rchibald] Hamilton Junr. […]; [a]nd sold by Robinson and Roberts, […], →OCLC, page 648, column 1",
"text": "[F]rom the jingling of the Greek couplet juſt before, and ſimilar inſtances of his taſte, I am perſuaded Sir VVilliam intended theſe as Leonines perfect in their kind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1835 March, “Art. V.— […] 4. Collection of English Proverbs of the Twelfth Century, Translated into Latin Leonines. MS. Trin. Coll. Camb. O. 2. 45. (Unpublished.) [book review]”, in Cochrane’s Foreign Quarterly Review, volume I, number II, London: Whittaker & Co. […]; Edinburgh: Robert Cadell, Edinburgh. Sold by all booksellers in Great Britain, Ireland, the Colonies, and the continents of Europe and America., →OCLC, page 395",
"text": "The manuscript of Trinity College, Cambridge, which we have already mentioned, was written at the beginning of the thirteenth century, and the proverbs which it contains are translations into Latin leonines of some of the more popular English, and, in one or two instances, Norman proverbs of that time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly in the plural: synonym of Leonine verse (“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)"
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-noun-Navduc~r",
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"Leonine verse",
"Leonine verse#English"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#Adjective"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#Adjective"
],
[
"verse",
"verse#Noun"
],
[
"alternative",
"alternate#Adjective"
],
[
"hexameter",
"hexameter"
],
[
"pentameter",
"pentameter"
],
[
"rhyming",
"rhyme#Verb"
],
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"end",
"end#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"internal rhyme",
"internal rhyme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) Chiefly in the plural: synonym of Leonine verse (“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)",
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Leonine verse"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Léonin",
"Pope Leo II"
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "leōnīna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin leōnīna",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "",
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},
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},
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{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "leōnīnus"
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"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin leōnīna + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Leōnīna is a feminine singular form of Latin leōnīnus (see etymology 1), and may refer to the use of a lion motif on the coin: see the 1787 quotation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leonines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leonine (plural leonines)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Currency",
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"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "3 10 35 7 12 34",
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"name": "Coins",
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"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 34 7 13 31",
"kind": "topical",
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"orig": "en:Historical currencies",
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"Money",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1787, John Topham, “Observations on the Wardrobe Account of the 28th Year of King Edward the First”, in Liber quotidianus contrarotulatoris garderobae. Anno regni regis Edwardi primi vicesimo octavo. A.D. MCCXCIX. & MCCC. […] [Daily Book of the Counter-roll of the Wardrobe. In the Twenty-eighth Year of the Reign of King Edward the First. A.D. 1299 & 1300. […]], London: […] J[ohn] Nichols […], →OCLC, page xxii",
"text": "[M]oſt deceits and corruptions are found in this reign [of Edward I of England], vvhen there vvas imported (beſides clipped ſterlings) a ſort of light money vvith a mitre, another with a lion, a third of copper blanched in imitation of the Engliſh money, a fourth like that of King Edvvard, and a fifth kind that vvas plated, and others, knovvn by the name of Pollards, Crokards, Mitres, Lionines, Staldings, Steepings, Eagles and Roſarys, vvhich vvere coined in parts beyond the ſeas, and privately brought into the kingdom, and uttered here for ſterling, though not vvorth above an halfpenny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and used in England as a debased form of the sterling silver penny; it was outlawed under Edward I (reigned 1272–1307)."
],
"id": "en-leonine-en-noun-t6OvYo3x",
"links": [
[
"numismatics",
"numismatics"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"coin",
"coin#Noun"
],
[
"minted",
"mint#Verb"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"England",
"England"
],
[
"debased",
"debased#Adjective"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"sterling silver",
"sterling silver"
],
[
"penny",
"penny#Noun"
],
[
"outlawed",
"outlaw#Verb"
],
[
"reigned",
"reign#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(numismatics, historical) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and used in England as a debased form of the sterling silver penny; it was outlawed under Edward I (reigned 1272–1307)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "lionine"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"numismatics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Leonine"
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"2": "adjective form"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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{
"word": "leonino"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-leonine-it-adj-9lRmu3~F",
"links": [
[
"leonino",
"leonino#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
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}
{
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{
"form": "leōnīne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
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"2": "adjective form",
"head": "leōnīne"
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-leonine-la-adj-ugZF3hmZ",
"links": [
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"leoninus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
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"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English 3-syllable words",
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English learned borrowings from Medieval Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-iHnos",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ine",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Coins",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Panthers"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "leoninely"
},
{
"word": "leonine share"
}
],
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iHnos"
},
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "characteristic of a lion, lionlike"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Old French leonin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus",
"t": "of or pertaining to a lion"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leō",
"t": "lion"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λέων",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”), from Old French leonin, and from its etymon Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”), from leō (“lion”) (from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”); further etymology uncertain) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more leonine",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "most leonine",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"name": "en-adj"
}
],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His leonine face scared the young children.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Sean Dooley, “23 March, Gluepot Reserve, SA”, in The Big Twitch: One Man, One Continent, a Race against Time—A True Story about Birdwatching, Crows Nest, Sydney, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, page 124",
"text": "He [John B. Cox] is the birdwatching equivalent of a great hunter, striding along the edge of the swamp with an almost leonine confidence, his large hands gripping his binoculars like a gunslinger wields a Colt 45.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"lion",
"lion#Noun"
],
[
"lionlike",
"lionlike"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lionesque"
},
{
"word": "lionly"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Pathology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leonine facies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1874 September 15, “Catholic Heroism”, in The Illustrated Monitor: Organ of the Confraternity of the Sacred Christ and Agony of Our Lord, […], volume I, number 2, Dublin: Joseph Dollard, […], published 1875, →OCLC, page 22, column 1",
"text": "The most terrible variety of this hideous evil is the leonine leprosy, so called because the head of the sufferer resembles that of a lion.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1883, James Nevins Hyde, “Neoplastic”, in A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry C[harles] Lea’s Son & Co., →OCLC, class IX (Of the Skin with Involvement of Other Organs), page 431",
"text": "From syphilis, which is also a disease whose lesions are polymorphic in character, lepra can be distinguished by […] the characteristic leonine facies of its tubercular forms.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1890 November, “Leprosy in Louisiana—Necessity of Providing for Lepers”, in New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XVIII (New Series), number 5, New Orleans, La.: L. Graham & Son, […], →OCLC, page 396",
"text": "A careful examination showed that the man was suffering from leprosy in an advanced stage; his face had the leonine expression, and the husky voice doubtless indicated that the disease had invaded the larynx.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Elinor Lieber, “Old Testament ‘Leprosy’, Contagion and Sin”, in Lawrence I[rvin] Conrad, Dominik Wujastyk, editors, Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies, Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, published 2017, part III (Middle East and Europe), page 129",
"text": "However, a head of Bes on an anthropomorphic clay vessel, dating from around 1300 bc, has been found in an Egyptian temple in Canaan, and it has been claimed that its leonine facies shows signs of advanced lepromatous leprosy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.",
"Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#Adjective"
],
[
"lion",
"lion#Noun"
],
[
"lionlike",
"lionlike"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"facies",
"facies#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"facial",
"facial#Adjective"
],
[
"features",
"feature#Noun"
],
[
"resembling",
"resemble"
],
[
"result",
"result#Noun"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"leprosy",
"leprosy"
],
[
"causes",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"leontiasis",
"leontiasis#English"
],
[
"medical condition",
"medical condition"
],
[
"characterize",
"characterize"
],
[
"overgrowth",
"overgrowth"
],
[
"cranial",
"cranial"
],
[
"bones",
"bone#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.",
"(pathology) Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lionesque"
},
{
"word": "lionly"
}
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lǎvski",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "лъвски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lleoní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lví"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "løve-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leeuwen-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leona"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leijonamainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "léonin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "Löwen-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "löwenartig"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leoninus"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "singa"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "kesingaan"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lionagh"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "lwi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leónico"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lʹvínyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "льви́ный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "leonino"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lévovyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "ле́вовий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "levýnyj",
"sense": "of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion",
"word": "леви́ний"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a facies: resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease; of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies",
"word": "leijonamainen"
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English learned borrowings from Medieval Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ine",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"en:Coins",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Panthers"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Leonine City"
},
{
"word": "Leonine verse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Leo",
"t": "man’s name"
},
"expansion": "Leo (“man’s name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leo",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "leo (“lion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "poetry",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "611",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 611",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).\nSense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "leonine (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “The Nineteenth and Twentieth Days. […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 319",
"text": "The Nineteenth and Tvventieth Days vvere ſpent in ſeeing the Monuments of the Leonine City, the Vatican Church, the Palace and Library.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo; specifically (in Leonine City), to Pope Leo IV (790–855) who ordered the building of a wall around Vatican Hill to protect what is now Vatican City."
],
"links": [
[
"popes",
"pope#Noun"
],
[
"named",
"name#Verb"
],
[
"Leo",
"Leo#Proper noun"
],
[
"Leonine City",
"Leonine City"
],
[
"ordered",
"order#Verb"
],
[
"building",
"build#Verb"
],
[
"wall",
"wall#Noun"
],
[
"Vatican Hill",
"Vatican Hill"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"Vatican City",
"Vatican City"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Poetry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "leonine rhyme",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “My Journey to Siena; […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 403",
"text": "In the Church of St. Dominick is a ſmall Picture of the Bleſſed Virgin, vvith the Infant JESUS in her Arms, vvell painted, and yet, appears to have been done in the Iron Age of Painting and other Arts, by the follovving verses, vvrit under it. […] Theſe Leonine Verſes, as plainly appears by them, expreſs a Senſe contrary to the Intention of the VVriter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme); also (by extension), of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme."
],
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#Adjective"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#Adjective"
],
[
"verse",
"verse#Noun"
],
[
"alternative",
"alternate#Adjective"
],
[
"hexameter",
"hexameter"
],
[
"pentameter",
"pentameter"
],
[
"rhyming",
"rhyme#Verb"
],
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"end",
"end#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"internal rhyme",
"internal rhyme"
],
[
"modern",
"modern#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) Being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme); also (by extension), of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme."
],
"senseid": [
"en:poetry"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Leonine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo",
"word": "Leon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being or relating to a kind of medieval Latin verse; of or relating to modern verse having internal rhyme",
"word": "leoniininen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Léonin",
"Pope Leo II"
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English learned borrowings from Medieval Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ine",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"en:Coins",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Panthers"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "leonin"
},
"expansion": "Middle English leonin",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "leonine",
"t": "of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV"
},
"expansion": "leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "Leo",
"t": "man’s name"
},
"expansion": "Leo (“man’s name”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "leo",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "leo (“lion”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "poetry",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "611",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 611",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).\nSense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leonines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leonine (plural leonines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Poetry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1715, “Canto III”, in The Miller of Trompington: being an Exercise upon Chaucer’s Reeve’s Tale, London: […] Jonas Brown, […]; and sold by J[ames] Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 44–45",
"text": "A[llen]. The Clink of Syllables call'd Rymes, / Brought in ith' barb'rous Runick times, / To ſober Criticks ſeems to be / A paultry part of Poetry, / Becoming Monkiſh dull Divines, / VVho traded much in Leonines. / J[ohn]. Altho' to ſpoil I ſhould be ſorry, / An undergraduate Antiquary, / Yet I'll produce a Line or tvvo / Of Leonines in Cicero, / Before the Monks long time ago.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1771 December, “Illustration of the Inscription on Sir W[illiam] Browne’s Monument. […] Continued from Our Last. The Notes.”, in The Town and Country Magazine; or, Universal Repository of Knowledge, Instruction, and Entertainment, volume III, London: […] A[rchibald] Hamilton Junr. […]; [a]nd sold by Robinson and Roberts, […], →OCLC, page 648, column 1",
"text": "[F]rom the jingling of the Greek couplet juſt before, and ſimilar inſtances of his taſte, I am perſuaded Sir VVilliam intended theſe as Leonines perfect in their kind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1835 March, “Art. V.— […] 4. Collection of English Proverbs of the Twelfth Century, Translated into Latin Leonines. MS. Trin. Coll. Camb. O. 2. 45. (Unpublished.) [book review]”, in Cochrane’s Foreign Quarterly Review, volume I, number II, London: Whittaker & Co. […]; Edinburgh: Robert Cadell, Edinburgh. Sold by all booksellers in Great Britain, Ireland, the Colonies, and the continents of Europe and America., →OCLC, page 395",
"text": "The manuscript of Trinity College, Cambridge, which we have already mentioned, was written at the beginning of the thirteenth century, and the proverbs which it contains are translations into Latin leonines of some of the more popular English, and, in one or two instances, Norman proverbs of that time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly in the plural: synonym of Leonine verse (“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)"
],
"links": [
[
"poetry",
"poetry"
],
[
"Leonine verse",
"Leonine verse#English"
],
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#Adjective"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#Adjective"
],
[
"verse",
"verse#Noun"
],
[
"alternative",
"alternate#Adjective"
],
[
"hexameter",
"hexameter"
],
[
"pentameter",
"pentameter"
],
[
"rhyming",
"rhyme#Verb"
],
[
"middle",
"middle"
],
[
"end",
"end#Noun"
],
[
"line",
"line#Noun"
],
[
"internal rhyme",
"internal rhyme"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetry) Chiefly in the plural: synonym of Leonine verse (“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(“a kind of medieval Latin verse, generally alternative hexameter and pentameter, with rhyming at the middle and end of a line (that is, internal rhyme)”)",
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Leonine verse"
}
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"poetry",
"publishing",
"writing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Léonin",
"Pope Leo II"
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English learned borrowings from Medieval Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English relational adjectives",
"English terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms suffixed with -ine",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Coins",
"en:Historical currencies",
"en:Panthers"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "leōnīna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin leōnīna",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ine",
"pos": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’"
},
"expansion": "-ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "",
"3": "Leōnīna"
},
"expansion": "Leōnīna",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "feminine",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "singular"
},
"expansion": "singular",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "leōnīnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin leōnīnus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin leōnīna + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Leōnīna is a feminine singular form of Latin leōnīnus (see etymology 1), and may refer to the use of a lion motif on the coin: see the 1787 quotation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leonines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "leonine (plural leonines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"le‧on‧ine"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Currency"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1787, John Topham, “Observations on the Wardrobe Account of the 28th Year of King Edward the First”, in Liber quotidianus contrarotulatoris garderobae. Anno regni regis Edwardi primi vicesimo octavo. A.D. MCCXCIX. & MCCC. […] [Daily Book of the Counter-roll of the Wardrobe. In the Twenty-eighth Year of the Reign of King Edward the First. A.D. 1299 & 1300. […]], London: […] J[ohn] Nichols […], →OCLC, page xxii",
"text": "[M]oſt deceits and corruptions are found in this reign [of Edward I of England], vvhen there vvas imported (beſides clipped ſterlings) a ſort of light money vvith a mitre, another with a lion, a third of copper blanched in imitation of the Engliſh money, a fourth like that of King Edvvard, and a fifth kind that vvas plated, and others, knovvn by the name of Pollards, Crokards, Mitres, Lionines, Staldings, Steepings, Eagles and Roſarys, vvhich vvere coined in parts beyond the ſeas, and privately brought into the kingdom, and uttered here for ſterling, though not vvorth above an halfpenny.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and used in England as a debased form of the sterling silver penny; it was outlawed under Edward I (reigned 1272–1307)."
],
"links": [
[
"numismatics",
"numismatics"
],
[
"century",
"century"
],
[
"coin",
"coin#Noun"
],
[
"minted",
"mint#Verb"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"England",
"England"
],
[
"debased",
"debased#Adjective"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"sterling silver",
"sterling silver"
],
[
"penny",
"penny#Noun"
],
[
"outlawed",
"outlaw#Verb"
],
[
"reigned",
"reign#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(numismatics, historical) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and used in England as a debased form of the sterling silver penny; it was outlawed under Edward I (reigned 1272–1307)."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"numismatics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːənaɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-nɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliəˌnaɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-leonine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-leonine.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Leonine"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "lionine"
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "leonine",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjective forms",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "leonino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of leonino"
],
"links": [
[
"leonino",
"leonino#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "leōnīne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "leōnīne"
},
"expansion": "leōnīne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "leōnīnus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of leōnīnus"
],
"links": [
[
"leōnīnus",
"leoninus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "leonine"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.